24 Questions
What is the primary function of the kidneys in maintaining acid-base balance?
Reabsorbing bicarbonate ions to maintain blood pH 7.4
Which hormone released by the kidneys regulates the water-salt balance of the blood?
Aldosterone
What is the primary function of the kidneys in regulating blood pressure?
Regulating ion concentrations in the blood
What is the process by which the kidneys synthesize glucose from amino acids and other precursors during prolonged fasting?
Gluconeogenesis
Which ion is reabsorbed by the kidneys to maintain blood pH?
Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)
What is the normal pH of the blood?
7.4
What is the function of erythropoietin released by the kidneys?
Producing red blood cells
Which organ synthesizes vitamin D to promote calcium ion absorption?
Kidneys
What is the primary nitrogenous end product of metabolism in humans?
Urea
What is the role of the urinary system in maintaining pH homeostasis?
Eliminating nitrogenous waste
What condition can be caused by elevated urea levels in the blood?
Uremia
What waste product results from the breakdown of creatine phosphate?
Creatinine
How does the liver reduce the toxicity of ammonia?
By converting it to urea
What can occur if too much uric acid is present in the blood?
Gout
Which organ system removes metabolic waste materials from the body?
Urinary system
What is a principal function of the kidneys?
Maintaining water-salt balance of the blood
Which organ is primarily responsible for producing urea?
Liver
What is the role of aquaporins in the nephron?
Facilitate water reabsorption
During kidney failure, what substance forms on the skin due to urea excretion?
Uremic frost
What precedes the reabsorption of water in the nephron?
Reabsorption of salt
Which ions are reabsorbed or excreted by the kidneys as needed?
Potassium ions and bicarbonate ions
Where does most of the water reabsorption occur in the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule
How do the kidneys contribute to maintaining homeostasis?
By regulating water-salt balance and blood pH
What happens to most of the sodium ions filtered at the glomerulus?
They are reabsorbed into the blood
Learn about the functions of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis, regulating pH levels, and excreting waste molecules like urea, creatinine, and uric acid.
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