Renal Filtration
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Questions and Answers

Which structure of the urinary system filters blood and converts the filtrate into urine?

  • Kidneys (correct)
  • Urethra
  • Ureters
  • Urinary bladder
  • What is the function of the urinary system related to the regulation of ion levels?

  • Elimination of biologically active molecules
  • Elimination of metabolic wastes
  • Regulation of ion levels (correct)
  • Regulation of acid-base balance
  • Which tissue layer directly adheres to the external surface of the kidney, maintaining its shape and protecting it from trauma?

  • Perinephric fat
  • Renal fascia
  • Fibrous capsule (correct)
  • Paranephric fat
  • What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

    <p>Regulating renal blood pressure and fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of the renal corpuscle?

    <p>Glomerulus and glomerular capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the cortical nephrons located?

    <p>Near the top edge of the cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of principal cells in the collecting tubules and ducts?

    <p>Bind aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released from the parathyroid gland in response to decreased blood calcium?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone inhibits phosphate reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule and stimulates calcium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called that actively moves sodium chloride from the tubular fluid into the interstitial space deep within the kidneys, creating an osmotic gradient for water reabsorption?

    <p>Countercurrent multiplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance may be measured to estimate the glomerular filtration rate?

    <p>Inulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?

    <p>Constriction of afferent arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the kidney maintains constant blood pressure and GFR?

    <p>Myogenic response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is NOT regulated by tubular reabsorption?

    <p>HCO3-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the majority of sodium reabsorbed in the nephron tubule?

    <p>Proximal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the relationship between the renal plasma clearance (RPC) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for a substance that is neither reabsorbed nor secreted?

    <p>RPC is the same as GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of urine?

    <p>95% water and 5% solutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average volume of urine excreted per day?

    <p>1 to 2 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the female urethra?

    <p>It is lined with stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels supply the kidney, from largest to smallest?

    <p>Renal artery, segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries, afferent arterioles, glomerulus, efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries/vasa recta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels carry blood away from the kidney, from smallest to largest?

    <p>Cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, renal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of capillaries in the kidneys?

    Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the peritubular capillaries in the kidney?

    <p>To reabsorb water and solutes from the tubular fluid back into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

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