23 Questions
Which structure of the urinary system filters blood and converts the filtrate into urine?
Kidneys
What is the function of the urinary system related to the regulation of ion levels?
Regulation of ion levels
Which tissue layer directly adheres to the external surface of the kidney, maintaining its shape and protecting it from trauma?
Fibrous capsule
What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
Regulating renal blood pressure and fluid balance
What are the components of the renal corpuscle?
Glomerulus and glomerular capsule
Where are the cortical nephrons located?
Near the top edge of the cortex
What is the function of principal cells in the collecting tubules and ducts?
Bind aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone
Which hormone is released from the parathyroid gland in response to decreased blood calcium?
Parathyroid hormone
Which hormone inhibits phosphate reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule and stimulates calcium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule?
Parathyroid hormone
What is the process called that actively moves sodium chloride from the tubular fluid into the interstitial space deep within the kidneys, creating an osmotic gradient for water reabsorption?
Countercurrent multiplication
What substance may be measured to estimate the glomerular filtration rate?
Inulin
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?
Constriction of afferent arterioles
What is the primary mechanism by which the kidney maintains constant blood pressure and GFR?
Myogenic response
Which of the following substances is NOT regulated by tubular reabsorption?
HCO3-
Where is the majority of sodium reabsorbed in the nephron tubule?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Which of the following is true about the relationship between the renal plasma clearance (RPC) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for a substance that is neither reabsorbed nor secreted?
RPC is the same as GFR
What is the composition of urine?
95% water and 5% solutes
What is the average volume of urine excreted per day?
1 to 2 L
Which of the following is true about the female urethra?
It is lined with stratified squamous epithelium
Which blood vessels supply the kidney, from largest to smallest?
Renal artery, segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries, afferent arterioles, glomerulus, efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries/vasa recta
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the kidney, from smallest to largest?
Cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, renal vein
What are the three types of capillaries in the kidneys?
What is the function of the peritubular capillaries in the kidney?
To reabsorb water and solutes from the tubular fluid back into the blood
Test your knowledge on renal filtration and the factors affecting it. Learn about the filtration of formed elements and large proteins, as well as the limitations and pressures involved in the process.
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