Renal Dysfunction and Urinary Abnormalities Quiz

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What is the main functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood?

Renal vessels

Glomerulus (correct)

Henle's loop

Bowman's capsule

Which structure in the kidney is responsible for the modification of filtrate according to the body's needs?

Efferent arteriole

Collecting tubule

Proximal convoluted tubule (correct)

Ascending limb

What is the approximate rate at which blood flows through the kidneys at rest?

250 ml/min

130 ml/min (correct)

50 ml/min

75 ml/min

Which substance is filtered out in the glomerulus into the filtrate?

Protein Signup and view all the answers

Where does the filtrate first pass after leaving the glomerulus?

Proximal convoluted tubule Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the kidney is responsible for maintaining a chemical balance in the body?

Nephrons Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by an increase in urine volume, alkaline bicarbonate concentration, and abnormal urinary constituents when kidneys fail to function?

Chronic renal failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of glomerulonephritis in children aged 3 to 10 years?

Streptococcal infection Signup and view all the answers

Which condition could result from mothers being undernourished during pregnancy?

Premature or low birth weight babies with fewer glomeruli Signup and view all the answers

Individuals who consume a diet high in sodium or artificially sweetened drinks are more likely to experience which of the following?

Decrease in kidney function Signup and view all the answers

The onset of acute glomerulonephritis is sudden and can proceed to either recovery or the development of what syndrome?

Nephrotic syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder primarily affects the nephron's glomeruli, leading to inflammation in the small blood vessels of the kidneys?

Glomerulonephritis Signup and view all the answers

What are the classical symptoms of secondary nephritis due to systemic lupus erythematosus?

Haematuria and proteinuria Signup and view all the answers

What may happen as a result of sodium and water retention in secondary nephritis?

Tachycardia and circulatory congestion Signup and view all the answers

Why is salt restricted in the dietary management of secondary nephritis with oedema or hypertension?

To reduce fluid retention Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom might indicate the development of uraemia in a patient with secondary nephritis?

Shortness of breath Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main treatments for patients with acute oliguria in secondary nephritis?

Antibiotic drug therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of acute renal failure in patients with secondary nephritis?

Oliguria or anuria Signup and view all the answers