Renal Diseases MBBS 3 Learning Outcomes
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the size selective barrier of the GBM in glomerular filtration?

  • To stimulate the synthesis of lipoproteins
  • To increase the hydrostatic pressure within Bowman's space
  • To allow all macromolecules to pass through
  • To repel negatively charged blood proteins (correct)
  • What is the primary cause of oedema in nephrotic syndrome?

  • Stimulation of antidiuretic hormone release
  • Hypoalbuminemia (correct)
  • Decreased renal perfusion pressure
  • Increased permeability of the glomerular capillary wall
  • What is the most common cause of primary nephrotic syndrome?

  • Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
  • Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
  • Membranous nephropathy
  • Minimal change disease (correct)
  • What is the reason for elevated serum lipid levels in nephrotic syndrome?

    <p>Hypoalbuminemia stimulating lipoprotein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the glomerular capillary walls?

    <p>To filter plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the glomerular basement membrane?

    <p>Fenestrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of nephrotic syndrome?

    <p>Increased risk of infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of nephrotic syndrome on glomerular capillary wall permeability?

    <p>Increased permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular weight of proteins that are NOT found in the ultrafiltrate?

    <p>≥68 kd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for allowing the glomerular filtrate to pass through?

    <p>Endothelial fenestrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the resulting fluid after plasma has been filtered through the glomerular capillary walls?

    <p>Ultrafiltrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the epithelial cell foot processes?

    <p>To form the filtration slits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cause of the hypercoagulable state in nephrotic syndrome?

    <p>Decreased fibrinolytic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common age range for the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome to appear?

    <p>Between 2 and 6 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of the nephrotic syndrome?

    <p>Thromboembolic events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients have MCNS?

    <p>85-90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cause of the loss of opsonins in the urine?

    <p>Loss of complement factor C3b</p> Signup and view all the answers

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