Renal Diseases and Chronic Renal Failure

<p>Treat anemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Throat infection by Group A beta hemolytic streptococci (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Less than 15% of normal GFR remains. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>End-Stage Renal Disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic renal failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urea secreted in saliva (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Painful plaques on soft tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteinuria greater than 3.5 g/24 h (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tea- or cola-colored urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1-2 weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systemic antibiotics and supportive care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Periorbital and peripheral edema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Significant loss of kidney function, where less than 15% of normal GFR remains.

A rapidly progressing kidney function loss that is potentially reversible.

Progressive loss of kidney function over time; permanent.

Progressive stages based on decreased GFR: diminished reserve, insufficiency, failure, and end-stage renal disease.

Diabetes, chronic infections, prolonged renal obstruction, toxic exposure, hypertension, nephrosclerosis, and polycystic kidney disease.

A condition in chronic kidney disease characterized by oral sores and inflammation.

Anemia, dry skin, poor appetite, vomiting, bone pain, and a metallic taste in the mouth.

Urea in saliva, acting as a source for ammonia accumulation, producing pain and damaging the oral mucosa.

Oral manifestations of chronic renal failure affecting soft tissues. Includes bleeding, petechiae, ecchymosis, irritation, xerostomia, bad taste, burning mouth, and uremic breath odor.

Uremic Stomatitis can lead to ulcers due to anemia and increased susceptibility to viral infections in the immunocompromised state.

Overgrowth of gums in Uremic Stomatitis can be caused by medications like cyclosporine and nifedipine.

Uremic Stomatitis can affect hard tissues of the mouth, including teeth staining, reduced caries, delayed eruption, enamel hypoplasia, and tooth mobility.

Oxalosis can cause alveolar bone resorption and external root resorption, resulting in increased tooth mobility, pain, and open bite.

An inflammatory process in the kidneys, marked by hematuria with acanthocytes, red blood cell casts in urine, proteinuria (less than 3.5g/24h), hypertension, oliguria, and azotemia.

An inflammatory kidney condition that occurs weeks after a group A β-hemolytic streptococcal infection, usually affecting children aged 3-12 and elderly patients.

Symptoms include periorbital and peripheral edema, hypertension, tea- or cola-colored urine. It usually resolves on its own in children, but can lead to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) and kidney failure in adults.

Diagnostic tests include urinalysis, serology, throat swab, and renal function tests.

Treatment is primarily supportive, including fluid and sodium restriction. Diuretics may be used, and antibiotics such as penicillin V are prescribed for 10 days.