Renal Artery Stenosis Clinical Features and Treatment

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What is the significance of the structure labelled 2 in the image?

The inferior mesenteric artery is responsible for the renal artery stenosis.

The inferior mesenteric artery is involved in the diagnostic angiography procedure.

The inferior mesenteric artery supplies blood to the abdominal aorta.

The inferior mesenteric artery hooking over the isthmus can arrest the ascent of the kidneys. (correct)

In a hypertensive patient, when would you consider performing renal angiography to assess for the presence of renal artery stenosis?

Only in young patients with hypertension.

In patients with bruits, refractory or progressive hypertension. (correct)

When the urine output is less than 0.3 ml/kg/hr for 24 hours.

When the serum creatinine increases by 26.5 μmol/L within 48 hours.

According to the RIFLE criteria, what is the definition of the 'Risk' stage of acute kidney injury?

A 3-fold increase in serum creatinine or a GFR reduction of 75%, or urine output less than 0.3 ml/kg/hr for 24 hours, or anuria for 12 hours.

A 1.5-fold increase in serum creatinine or a GFR reduction of 25%, or urine output less than 0.5 ml/kg/hr for 6 hours. (correct)

A 2-fold increase in serum creatinine or a GFR reduction of 50%, or urine output less than 0.5 ml/kg/hr for 12 hours.

Complete loss of kidney function requiring dialysis for more than 4 weeks.

According to the RIFLE criteria, what is the definition of the 'Failure' stage of acute kidney injury?

A 3-fold increase in serum creatinine or a GFR reduction of 75%, or urine output less than 0.3 ml/kg/hr for 24 hours, or anuria for 12 hours. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'End-stage kidney disease' according to the RIFLE criteria?

Complete loss of kidney function for more than 3 months. Signup and view all the answers

What are microscopic cylindrical structures produced by the kidney and present in urine in certain conditions?

Urinary casts. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of renal artery stenosis?

Atherosclerosis Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is required to localize renal artery stenosis?

Arteriography Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for renal artery stenosis if anti-hypertensive medications fail?

Angioplasty with or without stenting Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical appearance of fibromuscular dysplasia on renal angiography?

Irregular narrowing with a 'string of beads' appearance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of horseshoe kidney?

Increased risk of renal artery stenosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the cure rate for renal artery stenosis after surgical revascularization?

70-80% Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of renal artery stenosis?

Atherosclerosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of renal artery stenosis?

Renovascular hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical pathological finding in an ischemic kidney due to renal artery stenosis?

Hypercellular glomeruli Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure is described as having an 'isthmus' in the provided text?

Horseshoe kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the complete absence of a kidney?

Renal agenesis Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging modality would be most useful in diagnosing renal artery stenosis?

Catheter angiography Signup and view all the answers

Renal Artery Stenosis Clinical Features and Treatment

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