20 Questions
What is the most accurate indicator of renal function?
Creatinine clearance
Which radiological procedure requires a full bladder for optimal results?
Ultrasonography
What is the purpose of injecting a radioisotope for nuclear scans in renal evaluation?
To differentiate renal cysts from tumors
Which diagnostic evaluation method involves the administration of a radiopaque contrast agent IV to visualize the upper and lower urinary system?
Renal angiography
What do renal function tests, as mentioned in Table 43-5, primarily measure?
Renal function
Which method is used to calculate creatinine clearance for assessing the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
24-hour urine collection and serum creatinine level measurement
What is the main purpose of intravenous urography (IVP) in diagnostic evaluation?
To visualize kidneys, ureter, and bladder via x-ray imaging
What should be done if a urine specimen cannot be sent directly to the lab for examination?
It should be refrigerated immediately
Which diagnostic study requires a scintillation camera placed behind the kidney with the patient in a supine, prone, or seated position?
Nuclear scans
What is the purpose of ultrasonography in diagnostic evaluation?
To differentiate renal cysts from tumors
What is the primary function of the renal and urinary systems?
Removal of waste products
Where is the nephron found in the kidney?
Cortex
What is the normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
125 ml/min
What is the capacity of an adult bladder?
300 to 500 ml
Which structure in the kidney is responsible for the reabsorption of substances from the filtrate?
Distal convoluted tubule
What is the volume of normal adult urine output per day?
1200-1500 ml/day
Which component of the renal and urinary systems is responsible for regulating acid-base balance?
Kidneys
What is the main function of the ureters in the urinary system?
Transport of urine from kidneys to bladder
Which structure in the nephron consists of a capillary network with a semi-permeable membrane that allows filtration of blood?
Glomerulus
What is the primary function of vitamin D synthesis in its active form by the kidneys?
Regulation of calcium balance
Test your knowledge of the anatomy and structures of the renal and urinary systems, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Explore the internal structure of the kidney and the function of nephrons in urine formation.
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