Renal and Urinary Tract Disorders MCQ

Study Notes

Renal and Urinary Tract Disorders - MCQ Study Notes

Renal Bladder Ultrasonography (RBUS): Primarily used to identify issues in the urinary tract, not to diagnose diseases like renal cell carcinoma or renal artery stenosis.
Invasive Diagnostic Tests: Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) is invasive and exposes patients to radiation; renal biopsy is another invasive test.
Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FEna): A FEna value greater than 2% suggests acute tubular necrosis (ATN), not pre-renal AKI, CKD or post-renal obstruction.
Nephrotic Syndrome: A hallmark of nephrotic syndrome is edema, not hematuria, hypertension or fever.
Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APSGN): Complement component 3 (C3) levels are typically decreased, not serum creatinine, hemoglobin, or platelet count.
Proteinuria and Nephrotic Syndrome: Proteinuria greater than 3.5 g/g is diagnostic of nephrotic syndrome.
Muddy Brown Casts: Indicates acute tubular necrosis (ATN), not acute glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome or minimal change disease.
Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Escherichia coli is the most common pathogen in community-acquired UTIs.
Renal Scarring: Static scintigraphy (Tc-DMSA) is best for detecting renal scarring caused by recurrent urinary tract infections.
Glomerular Disease: Dysmorphic red blood cells (RBCs) in urinalysis are indicative of glomerular disease.

Description

This quiz focuses on renal and urinary tract disorders, helping students review key concepts such as diagnostic tests, nephrotic syndrome, and urinary anomalies. It covers essential topics like renal ultrasonography, acute tubular necrosis, and glomerulonephritis. Perfect for mastering the understanding of renal pathophysiology through multiple-choice questions.