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Questions and Answers
What is the primary indication for renal bladder ultrasonography (RBUS)?
What is the primary indication for renal bladder ultrasonography (RBUS)?
- Detection of renal cell carcinoma
- Febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) in children (correct)
- Detection of vesicourethral reflux (VUR)
- Diagnosis of renal artery stenosis
Which diagnostic test is considered invasive and exposes patients to radiation?
Which diagnostic test is considered invasive and exposes patients to radiation?
- Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) (correct)
- Renal biopsy
- Blood chemistry analysis
- Renal scintigraphy
What does a fractional excretion of sodium (FEna) value greater than 2% typically indicate?
What does a fractional excretion of sodium (FEna) value greater than 2% typically indicate?
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
- Post-renal obstruction
- Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) (correct)
- Pre-renal AKI
Which of the following is a hallmark feature of nephrotic syndrome?
Which of the following is a hallmark feature of nephrotic syndrome?
Which investigation is likely to show low levels in acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN)?
Which investigation is likely to show low levels in acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN)?
Flashcards
Renal Bladder Ultrasonography (RBUS) indication
Renal Bladder Ultrasonography (RBUS) indication
RBUS is primarily used to detect infections in the urinary tract in children experiencing a fever.
Invasive diagnostic test for kidney
Invasive diagnostic test for kidney
A Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) is considered an invasive diagnostic test for urinary tract issues because it involves inserting a catheter to examine the bladder and urethra
High Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FEna)
High Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FEna)
A FEna value greater than 2% typically indicates acute tubular necrosis (ATN).
Nephrotic Syndrome Hallmark
Nephrotic Syndrome Hallmark
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APSGN investigation with low levels
APSGN investigation with low levels
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Study Notes
Renal and Urinary Tract Disorders - MCQ Study Notes
- Renal Bladder Ultrasonography (RBUS): Primarily used to identify issues in the urinary tract, not to diagnose diseases like renal cell carcinoma or renal artery stenosis.
- Invasive Diagnostic Tests: Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) is invasive and exposes patients to radiation; renal biopsy is another invasive test.
- Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FEna): A FEna value greater than 2% suggests acute tubular necrosis (ATN), not pre-renal AKI, CKD or post-renal obstruction.
- Nephrotic Syndrome: A hallmark of nephrotic syndrome is edema, not hematuria, hypertension or fever.
- Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APSGN): Complement component 3 (C3) levels are typically decreased, not serum creatinine, hemoglobin, or platelet count.
- Proteinuria and Nephrotic Syndrome: Proteinuria greater than 3.5 g/g is diagnostic of nephrotic syndrome.
- Muddy Brown Casts: Indicates acute tubular necrosis (ATN), not acute glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome or minimal change disease.
- Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Escherichia coli is the most common pathogen in community-acquired UTIs.
- Renal Scarring: Static scintigraphy (Tc-DMSA) is best for detecting renal scarring caused by recurrent urinary tract infections.
- Glomerular Disease: Dysmorphic red blood cells (RBCs) in urinalysis are indicative of glomerular disease.
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