Questions and Answers
Which part of the nephron receives blood from the renal artery?
What does the term 'afferent' mean in the context of the arteriole?
What is the function of the glomerulus?
What happens to the fluid that is pushed out of the glomerulus?
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What is the efferent arteriole?
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What is the relationship between the afferent and efferent arterioles?
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What is the term for the process that occurs in the glomerulus?
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What is the functional unit of filtration and collection in the kidney?
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What is the main function of the glomerulus?
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What is the name of the capsule that surrounds the glomerulus?
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What is the purpose of the high pressure in the glomerulus?
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What type of cells line the vessels in the glomerulus?
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What is the function of the basement membrane in the Bowman's Capsule?
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What is unique about the vessels in the glomerulus?
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What type of cells make up the interaction point on the end of the Bowman's Capsule?
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What is the term for the space inside the Bowman's capsule?
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What is the purpose of the holes in the vessels of the glomerulus?
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What is the term for the specialized epithelial cells that 'hug' the endothelial cells?
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What is the function of the fenestrations in the endothelial cells?
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What type of proteins are too large to pass through the vessels in the glomerulus?
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What is the efferent arteriole going to turn into?
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What is another term for tubular cells that make up the interaction point on the end of the Bowman's Capsule?
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What is the purpose of the filtrate produced in the glomerulus?
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What is the purpose of the podocytes 'hugging' the endothelial cells?
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What is the term for the 'foot'-like projections of the podocytes?
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What type of molecules are prevented from passing through the basement membrane?
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Study Notes
The Nephron
- The nephron is the functional unit of filtration and collection in the kidney.
- The first part of the nephron is called the glomerulus, which receives branches from the renal artery.
Glomerulus
- The glomerulus is a loopy structure where blood from the renal artery is filtered to produce filtrate.
- The glomerulus is the main site for filtration, where blood is pushed out as fluid, and waste or excess ions are removed.
- The glomerulus leaks out fluid, which is caught in a capsule called Bowman's Capsule.
Bowman's Capsule
- Bowman's Capsule is a ball-like structure that collects the filtrate or fluid that comes out of the glomerulus.
- The inside of Bowman's Capsule is an open space called Bowman's Space, where the filtrate is collected.
Filtration Process
- The filtration process occurs because of high pressure in the glomerulus, which causes fluid to leak out.
- The fluid leaks out through the fenestrated endothelial cells, which have holes that allow small molecules like sodium, amino acids, and glucose to pass through.
- A basement membrane sits between the endothelial cells and the tubule, which is semi-permeable and allows small molecules to pass through while preventing larger proteins from leaking into Bowman's Space.
Endothelial Cells
- Endothelial cells line the vessels and are eukaryotic cells with a nucleus and organelles.
- The endothelial cells are fenestrated, meaning they have holes that allow small molecules to pass through.
Basement Membrane
- The basement membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that sits between the endothelial cells and the tubule.
- It allows small molecules to pass through while preventing larger proteins from leaking into Bowman's Space.
Podocytes
- Podocytes are a type of epithelial cell that hugs the vessel and helps maintain the connection between the endothelial cells and the tubule.
- Podocytes are a class of epithelial cells that have leg-like projections and play a crucial role in the filtration process.
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Description
Learn about the structure and function of the nephron, the functional unit of filtration and collection in the kidney, focusing on the glomerulus and its role in renal anatomy.
