27 Questions
Renal medulla is made of
True
Renal cortex is made of
False
What does the ascending limb reabsorb? NaCl or H2O
NaCl
What does the descending limb reabsorb? NaCl or H2O
H2O
What does the proximal convoluted tube do?
Reabsorbs nutrient ions/secretes wastes
What does the distal convoluted tube do?
Hormone-controlled reabsorption/secretion
What hormones are associated with DCT?
Aldosterone - reabsorbs Na+, secretes K+, PTH - reabsorbs Ca2+
What does the collecting duct do?
Presence of ADH that reabsorbs H2O, urea recycling and reabsorb/secretion of ions
What is the renin-angiotensin pathway?
Release of renin, that causes the formation of angiotensin II, which stimulates the release of aldosterone, ultimately increasing BP
What is the aldosterone pathway?
Release of aldosterone from adrenal glands, increases reabsorption of Na+ in DCT, increasing H2O reabsorption, ultimately leading to blood pressure increase
What is the ADH pathway?
Release of ADH from the pituitary gland, leading to increase in H2O reabsorption, increasing blood pressure (can lead to vasoconstriction)
What is the ANP pathway?
Antagonistic to aldosterone, increased secretion of Na+/H2O, lowering blood pressure (risk of vasodilation)
What is the role of the proximal tubules?
Glucose, bicarbonate ion and H2O reabsorption
What is another role of renal tubules?
Removal of nitrogenous waste
What is the size of the glomerular basement membrane?
250-400nm
What is the glomerular basement membrane NOT composed of?
Laminin - 500
GBM is between __________ endothelial cells and _________
Fenestrated, and pedicels
What nitrogenous waste is used to assess glomerular filtration when present in serum?
Creatinine
What time is the abrupt onset of Acute Kidney Injury
48 hours
Kidney function reduction is associated in an elevation of serum ________ and reduction in _____
Creatinine, urine
What is the mortality rate of Acute Kidney Injury
25-80%
Renal hypoxia is damage to
Tubular epithelial cells
The process of renal hypoxia: activates ________ -> inflammation -> _______________
Fibroblasts, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis
Chronic Kidney Disease is associated with what GFR
<60 ml/min/1.73m^2
Glomerulosclerosis is the scarring of what?
The glomerular filtration barrier, leaking larger biomolecules (serum protein and albumin)
End stage renal disease is below what %?
Below 10%
What is the potential treatment for end stage kidney disease
Dialysis or transplantation
Test your knowledge of renal anatomy and function with this quiz. Explore topics such as the structure of the renal medulla and cortex, reabsorption in the ascending and descending limbs, and the functions of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
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