Renaissance Overview and Key Figures

Renaissance Overview

• The Renaissance was a period of creativity and revived interest in Roman and Greek cultures.
• "Renaissance" (French), "Renasci" (Latin) meaning "rebirth" originated in Florence, Italy.
• This period was characterized by a focus on individuals, their skills, interests, dignity, and ability to progress (Humanism).

Influential Factors in Italy

• Influential merchants, especially the Medici family, supported artistic endeavors.
• Greek and Roman traditions served as sources of inspiration.

Important Literary Figures

• Francesco Petrarch: Considered the "Father of the Renaissance."
• Giovanni Boccaccio: Author of the Decameron, a collection of stories, set during the Black Death.
• Niccolò Machiavelli: The father of Modern Political Theory, author of "The Prince."
• Geoffrey Chaucer: Known as the father of English essays and author of the Canterbury Tales.
• Thomas More: Author of "Utopia," a work that describes an ideal society.
• William Shakespeare: Well-known English author, noted for plays like Macbeth, Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet.
• Desiderius Erasmus: Author of "Praise of Folly."
• Miguel de Cervantes: Author of "Don Quixote."

Key Aspects of Renaissance Arts

• Filippo Brunelleschi: Designed the dome of the Florence cathedral of Sta. Maria del Fiore (1420).
• Michelangelo Buonarroti: Created the Sistine Chapel, David, and The Pieta.
• Leonardo da Vinci: Famous for Mona Lisa and the Last Supper.
• Raphael Santi: Known for paintings like Madonna and School of Athens.
• Sandro Botticelli: His notable works include The Birth of Venus and Primavera.
• Donatello: Made bronze statues, including a renowned David.

Spread of Renaissance

• Renaissance masterpieces sparked interest among scholars.
• Increased trade spread Renaissance ideas throughout Europe.
• Wealthy nobles supported Renaissance artists with patronage.
• Johannes Gutenberg's printing press played a vital role in disseminating information and ideas.