Questions and Answers
What is Humanism?
Who is considered the father of Humanism?
Petrarch
What did Jean Calvin stress in his doctrines?
Predestination
What was the Protestant Reformation?
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Which German theologian was a key figure in the Reformation?
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What are the 95 Theses?
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Who was Ulrich Zwingli?
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What was the Hundred Years War?
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What did François Rabelais critique in his work 'Gargantua'?
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What is 'The Prince' about?
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What is the Sorbonne?
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What are the Humanities?
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Who was Erasmus?
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What does 'The Praise of Folly' address?
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What is Christian Humanism?
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What does 'Oration on the Dignity of Man' discuss?
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Who was Sir Thomas More?
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What is the Enlightenment?
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Study Notes
Humanism
- Renaissance intellectual movement emphasizing classical texts and human potential.
- Focused on achievements of individuals, moving away from solely religious themes.
Petrarch
- Known as the father of humanism, he marked the start of a new era, labeling the previous period as the "Dark Ages".
- Advocated for the belief that human talents are divine gifts to be fully utilized.
Jean Calvin
- Key figure in 16th-century Protestantism, emphasizing predestination.
- Established a center in Geneva and promoted government access and public education.
- Calvinism spread to Northern Europe and North America.
Protestant Reformation
- Religious movement aimed at reforming the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century.
- Resulted in the emergence of various Protestant churches.
Martin Luther
- German theologian and prominent leader of the Reformation.
- Opposed papal wealth and corruption, advocating for salvation through faith alone.
- Excommunicated in 1521 and confirmed the Augsburg Confession in 1530, founding the Lutheran Church.
95 Theses
- Arguments by Martin Luther criticizing Catholic Church practices, particularly indulgences.
- Posted on October 31, 1517, in Wittenberg, Germany, highlighting church excesses.
Ulrich Zwingli
- Leader of the Swiss Reformation who rejected transubstantiation.
- Received support from the city of Zurich, with followers becoming Anabaptists posthumously.
Hundred Years War
- A series of conflicts between England and France over the French throne.
- Resulted in England losing almost all French territories except Calais.
François Rabelais
- French Franciscan humanist and satirist, author of "Gargantua".
- Critiqued the scholastic methods of the Catholic Church and emphasized the importance of education.
Machiavelli
- Renaissance writer and former politician known for "The Prince".
- Explored governance ethics, suggesting that rulers might disregard morality for power, summarized by "the end justifies the means".
Sorbonne
- A major university in Paris, founded in the 12th century.
- Known for its comprehensive focus on humanities and classical studies.
Humanities
- Branches of study focused on human culture, including philosophy, literature, and the arts, distinct from scientific disciplines.
Erasmus
- Dutch humanist (c. 1466-1536), an intellectual figure and friend of Thomas More.
- Proposed that reform within the Catholic Church was possible without the need for a Reformation, author of "Praise of Folly".
The Praise of Folly
- A satirical work by Erasmus exposing societal follies, particularly within the church.
Christian Humanism
- Movement combining classical learning with efforts to reform the Catholic Church, primarily in Northern Europe.
Oration on the Dignity of Man
- A seminal work by Pico della Mirandola, illustrating the unique nature of humans with free will and moral choices.
Sir Thomas More
- English lawyer and politician, author of "Utopia", which critiqued societal issues as stemming from greed.
- Executed by Henry VIII for his unwavering religious beliefs.
Enlightenment
- An intellectual movement emerging from humanism in the 1700s, emphasizing reason and individualism.
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Description
Explore key concepts and figures of Renaissance Humanism through interactive flashcards. This quiz focuses on the intellectual movement that emphasized human potential and achievements, featuring prominent thinkers like Petrarch.
