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Questions and Answers
What is primarily characterized by the combination of Gothic and Renaissance elements in its design?
What is primarily characterized by the combination of Gothic and Renaissance elements in its design?
- Classical architecture
- Baroque architecture
- Neoclassical architecture
- Manueline style (correct)
Which building is considered a prime example of the Manueline style in Lisbon?
Which building is considered a prime example of the Manueline style in Lisbon?
- São Jorge Castle
- Jerónimos Monastery
- Casa dos Bicos
- Belém Tower (correct)
What style succeeded the Manueline style during the early Renaissance in Portugal?
What style succeeded the Manueline style during the early Renaissance in Portugal?
- Early Renaissance phase (correct)
- Isabelline style
- Classical style
- Mannerist style
Which architectural feature is NOT typically associated with the Manueline style?
Which architectural feature is NOT typically associated with the Manueline style?
The Casa dos Bicos is notable for its facade influenced by which style?
The Casa dos Bicos is notable for its facade influenced by which style?
In what year was the Jerónimos Monastery designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
In what year was the Jerónimos Monastery designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
Which of the following buildings is primarily used as a museum in modern times?
Which of the following buildings is primarily used as a museum in modern times?
What significant event in 1755 affected the Casa dos Bicos?
What significant event in 1755 affected the Casa dos Bicos?
Who undertook the project of the Lescot wing of the Louvre?
Who undertook the project of the Lescot wing of the Louvre?
What architectural styles influenced the Hôtel d’Assézat?
What architectural styles influenced the Hôtel d’Assézat?
Which church features a facade with a classical pediment and balustrades?
Which church features a facade with a classical pediment and balustrades?
Which church is noted for being second in size only to Notre-Dame de Paris?
Which church is noted for being second in size only to Notre-Dame de Paris?
What type of architecture predominated in French religious buildings during the Renaissance?
What type of architecture predominated in French religious buildings during the Renaissance?
What is a distinctive feature of the Church of Saint-Eustache?
What is a distinctive feature of the Church of Saint-Eustache?
What notable ornamentation characterizes the Hôtel d’Assézat?
What notable ornamentation characterizes the Hôtel d’Assézat?
Which of the following is recognized as one of the finest religious monuments of the French Renaissance?
Which of the following is recognized as one of the finest religious monuments of the French Renaissance?
What was a significant architectural trend during the Elizabethan era?
What was a significant architectural trend during the Elizabethan era?
What characterizes a prodigy house in the Elizabethan context?
What characterizes a prodigy house in the Elizabethan context?
Who played a significant role in introducing classical architecture into French architecture?
Who played a significant role in introducing classical architecture into French architecture?
Which of these architects is recognized as a pioneer of Italian Renaissance architecture in England?
Which of these architects is recognized as a pioneer of Italian Renaissance architecture in England?
Which architectural style is characterized by the combination of classical orders and candelabra motifs?
Which architectural style is characterized by the combination of classical orders and candelabra motifs?
What was the original name of the Fontaine des Innocents?
What was the original name of the Fontaine des Innocents?
Which elements were commonly reflected in the design of prodigy houses?
Which elements were commonly reflected in the design of prodigy houses?
Which cathedral was constructed between 1528 and 1782 and follows a Renaissance style?
Which cathedral was constructed between 1528 and 1782 and follows a Renaissance style?
What led to the boom in construction of domestic houses for the wealthy during the Elizabethan age?
What led to the boom in construction of domestic houses for the wealthy during the Elizabethan age?
Which Italian Mannerist architect contributed to the Palace of Fontainebleau?
Which Italian Mannerist architect contributed to the Palace of Fontainebleau?
Who was one of the architects associated with the Plateresque style in Andalusia?
Who was one of the architects associated with the Plateresque style in Andalusia?
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Elizabethan architecture?
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Elizabethan architecture?
Which treatise did Sebastiano Serlio publish that canonized classical orders of architecture?
Which treatise did Sebastiano Serlio publish that canonized classical orders of architecture?
What was the architectural style of the Palace of Charles V in Granada?
What was the architectural style of the Palace of Charles V in Granada?
In which year was the Fontaine des Innocents constructed?
In which year was the Fontaine des Innocents constructed?
Why were many prodigy houses strategically located near major roads?
Why were many prodigy houses strategically located near major roads?
Which architect is noted for the creation of the Herrerian style characterized by sober designs?
Which architect is noted for the creation of the Herrerian style characterized by sober designs?
What architectural style influenced Inigo Jones during his studies in Italy?
What architectural style influenced Inigo Jones during his studies in Italy?
Which French architect was known for his work on cabinetry and decorative designs in the 16th century?
Which French architect was known for his work on cabinetry and decorative designs in the 16th century?
What period does the High Spanish Renaissance Architecture: Purism refer to?
What period does the High Spanish Renaissance Architecture: Purism refer to?
Which building is known as the largest Renaissance building in the world?
Which building is known as the largest Renaissance building in the world?
Which political figure invited Sebastiano Serlio to France?
Which political figure invited Sebastiano Serlio to France?
What style developed from the influence of ancient Rome in the late Spanish Renaissance architecture?
What style developed from the influence of ancient Rome in the late Spanish Renaissance architecture?
Which German artist or philosopher influenced the Renaissance architecture in Germany?
Which German artist or philosopher influenced the Renaissance architecture in Germany?
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Study Notes
Spanish Royal Sites and Architecture
- Functions as a monastery, basilica, royal palace, pantheon, library, museum, university, school, and hospital.
Renaissance Architecture in Portugal
- Gradual adoption of Renaissance style marked by the Manueline style (c. 1490–1535).
- Manueline combines Renaissance elements with Gothic structures and exuberant ornamentation, akin to Isabelline Gothic in Spain.
- Key examples:
- Belém Tower: Defensive structure with Gothic form and Renaissance loggias.
- Jerónimos Monastery: Notable for its Renaissance decorations in portals, columns, and cloisters.
- Early Renaissance phase (c. 1530–1550) followed by Mannerist forms.
Important Structures
- Casa dos Bicos: Early 16th-century historical house in Lisbon with a façade influenced by Italian Renaissance and Manueline styles; served various purposes post-1755 earthquake, now houses the José Saramago Foundation.
- Jerónimos Monastery: UNESCO World Heritage Site recognized in 1983, showcasing late Gothic Manueline architecture.
French Renaissance Architecture
- Less influence from Renaissance on religious architecture, which largely continued in Flamboyant Gothic style.
- Classical elements appear in specific churches:
- Saint-Germain l’Auxerrois and Saint-Nicolas-des-Champs: Romanesque portals influenced by the Palace of Tournelles.
- Church of Saint-Étienne-du-Mont: Features gothic choir and classical façade.
- Church of Saint-Eustache: Hybrid of Flamboyant Gothic and Renaissance styles.
- Notable tomb of François I and Claude de France in Basilique de Saint Denis (1547–1561), significant for classical architectural elements.
Public and Domestic Architecture
- Fontaine des Innocents: Oldest monumental fountain in Paris, constructed (1547–1550) by Pierre Lescot and Jean Goujon.
- Jacques I Androuet du Cerceau: Influential designer introducing Renaissance architecture to France.
Influence of Italian Architecture
- Sebastiano Serlio: Mannerist architect who codified classical architecture in his treatise; involved in the construction of the Palace of Fontainebleau.
- Example of surviving work: Château of Ancy-le-Franc, built around 1546.
Renaissance in Germany
- Influenced by philosophers and artists like Albrecht Dürer; focus shifted from ecclesiastical to residential architecture.
- Proliferation of grand houses known as prodigy houses displaying Mannerist styles.
Prodigy Houses in England
- Characterized by ambitious designs, often built for courtiers during Elizabeth I's reign (1570-1620).
- Notable examples:
- Wollaton Hall, Nottingham
- Longleat House, Wiltshire
- Burghley House, Cambridgeshire
- Hatfield House
Key Architects of the Elizabethan Period
- Robert Adams, William Arnold, Inigo Jones: Notable for Italian Renaissance style in England, with Jones being the first prominent exponent.
Spanish Renaissance Architecture
- Characterized by Purism as generations progressed, moving away from Gothic elements.
- Influential architects include Diego Siloe, Alonso de Covarrubias, and Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón, especially in Andalusia and Castile.
Late Spanish Renaissance and Mannerism
- Shift towards stricter adherence to ancient Roman aesthetics; notable figures: Pedro Machuca, Juan Bautista de Toledo, and Juan de Herrera.
- El Escorial: Historic residence of the King of Spain, largest Renaissance building in the world, constructed 1563-1584 under Philip II.
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