Renaissance and Age of Exploration Quiz

Time Period: 14th to 17th centuries, beginning in Italy and spreading across Europe.
Key Characteristics:
- Revival of classical learning and humanism.
- Emphasis on individualism and secularism.
- Flourishing arts and literature; notable figures include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Shakespeare.
Important Concepts:
- Humanism: Focus on human potential and achievements, inspired by classical texts.
- Patronage: Wealthy families (e.g., Medici) supported artists and scholars.
- Scientific Advancements: Notable developments in anatomy, astronomy (Copernicus), and innovation in perspective in art.
Significant Events:
- Printing Revolution: Johannes Gutenberg's printing press (c. 1440) facilitated the spread of ideas.
- Protestant Reformation: Challenged Catholic Church’s authority, intertwining with Renaissance humanism.

Time Period: 15th to 17th centuries, marked by European maritime exploration.
Key Motivations:
- Economic: Desire for new trade routes and access to spices, gold, and other resources.
- Political: Nationalism and competition among European powers.
- Religious: Spread of Christianity and conversion of indigenous peoples.
Notable Explorers and Discoveries:
- Christopher Columbus: Discovered the Americas in 1492.
- Vasco da Gama: First to reach India by sea (1498).
- Ferdinand Magellan: Led first expedition to circumnavigate the globe (1519-1522).
Consequences:
- Columbian Exchange: Exchange of goods, ideas, and populations between the Old and New Worlds.
- Colonization: Establishment of European colonies, leading to the exploitation of indigenous populations.
- Global Trade Networks: Emergence of a global economy and trade in commodities like sugar, tobacco, and slaves.

Time Period: Spanned from the 14th to the 17th centuries, originating in Italy and expanding throughout Europe.
Key Characteristics:
- Marked by a revival of interest in classical learning, particularly from ancient Greece and Rome.
- Emphasized humanism, celebrating human potential and achievements beyond religious contexts.
- Arts and literature flourished, featuring influential figures such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Shakespeare.
Important Concepts:
- Humanism: Centered around individual achievement and critical thinking, influenced by ancient texts.
- Patronage: Wealthy families, like the Medici, played a crucial role in supporting artists and intellectual endeavors.
- Scientific Advancements: Contributed to breakthroughs in anatomy and astronomy; Copernicus introduced heliocentric theories, transforming perspectives on the universe and fostering art techniques like linear perspective.
Significant Events:
- Printing Revolution: Invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, which revolutionized information dissemination and literacy.
- Protestant Reformation: A significant religious movement that questioned the Catholic Church's authority, merging with Renaissance humanistic ideals.

Time Period: Lasted from the 15th to the 17th centuries, characterized by extensive maritime exploration by European nations.
Key Motivations:
- Economic: Exploration driven by the quest for new trade routes and valuable resources, including spices and gold.
- Political: European nations sought to expand their power and prestige through colonization and territorial claims.
- Religious: Efforts to spread Christianity and convert indigenous populations were a significant part of the exploration agenda.
Notable Explorers and Discoveries:
- Christopher Columbus: Encountered the Americas in 1492, unaware of the continents' prior existence.
- Vasco da Gama: Achieved the first successful sea route to India in 1498, establishing trade connections.
- Ferdinand Magellan: Undertook the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe from 1519 to 1522, illustrating the vastness of the Earth.
Consequences:
- Columbian Exchange: Initiated a widespread exchange of goods, ideas, and populations between Europe and the New World.
- Colonization: European powers established colonies, resulting in the exploitation and devastating effects on indigenous populations.
- Global Trade Networks: The emergence of a global economy, facilitating trade in commodities such as sugar, tobacco, and human cargo through slavery.