Remote Sensing in Mineral Exploration

Study Notes

Remote sensing plays a vital role in mineral exploration, utilizing various technological methods.
Key areas of study include classification, mapping techniques, and data integration for effective resource assessment.

Mineral deposits can be identified based on their geographical and geological settings.
Understanding structural and lithological factors is essential for predicting the occurrence of mineral deposits.

Hydrothermally altered rocks can be recognized through specific spectral signatures.
Tools like ASTER and DEM are pivotal for geological mapping and interpretation.
Microwave and hyperspectral remote sensing techniques enhance mineral prospectivity modeling.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) play a critical role in modeling mineral resource potential.
Integration of various data sources (e.g., geological maps, airphotos, satellite imagery) is crucial for comprehensive analysis.
Geochemical and borehole data complement exploration efforts, revealing deeper insights into mineral deposits.

Mineral: Inorganic, naturally occurring substances with a defined chemical composition and ordered atomic structure; can be metallic or nonmetallic.
Rock: Aggregates of minerals formed naturally; can consist of one or multiple minerals, with classification based on mineral content.
Ore: Economically valuable accumulation of minerals mixed with gangue; primarily metallic, though nonmetallic orebodies exist.
Mineral Deposit: Concentration of valuable minerals/ores exploitable under current economic conditions; defined by sufficient size and grade.
Ore Deposit: A tested mineral deposit known for sufficient concentration to be mined profitably; involves examination through mapping and sampling.
Metal: Substance characterized by conductivity, opacity, luster, and physical properties like malleability and ductility.

Countries' developmental status is reflected in measures like mineral reserves, annual production, and per capita consumption.
Strategic minerals are prioritized in funding allocations for exploration based on global demand-supply trends.
The exploration process begins with reconnaissance, followed by detailed exploration, leading to advanced stages and eventual evaluation.

Essential minerals contribute to technology (e.g., smartphones rely on various minerals).
High consumption rates in developed nations highlight disparities in resource usage across countries.

Rocks are categorized into three main types: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic.
Igneous rocks originate from the crystallization of magma, influencing mineral formation and distribution.