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Questions and Answers
Which theory proposed that the sun is at the center of the universe?
Which theory proposed that the sun is at the center of the universe?
Who is known for his laws of planetary motion that supported heliocentrism?
Who is known for his laws of planetary motion that supported heliocentrism?
What philosophical belief posits that a rational creator does not intervene in the universe?
What philosophical belief posits that a rational creator does not intervene in the universe?
Which monarch is considered the epitome of absolute monarchy?
Which monarch is considered the epitome of absolute monarchy?
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In the context of England, what event marked the return of Charles II to the throne?
In the context of England, what event marked the return of Charles II to the throne?
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What was the conflict between royalists and parliamentarians in England known as?
What was the conflict between royalists and parliamentarians in England known as?
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Who argued that a strong central authority was necessary to avoid chaos?
Who argued that a strong central authority was necessary to avoid chaos?
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Which document was a result of the Glorious Revolution in England?
Which document was a result of the Glorious Revolution in England?
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What was the encomienda system primarily based on?
What was the encomienda system primarily based on?
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What did the Edict of Nantes accomplish in France?
What did the Edict of Nantes accomplish in France?
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Which Indigenous uprising temporarily resulted in independence from Spanish rule?
Which Indigenous uprising temporarily resulted in independence from Spanish rule?
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Which event marked the decline of Spanish power in the late 16th century?
Which event marked the decline of Spanish power in the late 16th century?
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What was the primary purpose of missions established by religious orders in the Americas?
What was the primary purpose of missions established by religious orders in the Americas?
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Which French explorer is known for founding Quebec?
Which French explorer is known for founding Quebec?
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What was a primary reason for the Netherlands Revolt against Spain?
What was a primary reason for the Netherlands Revolt against Spain?
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What was a significant factor in the wealth generated from Spanish colonies in the Americas?
What was a significant factor in the wealth generated from Spanish colonies in the Americas?
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Which of the following figures is known for breaking from the Catholic Church to form the Church of England?
Which of the following figures is known for breaking from the Catholic Church to form the Church of England?
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What was the significance of the Peace of Westphalia?
What was the significance of the Peace of Westphalia?
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Which of the following describes the caste system in colonial Latin America?
Which of the following describes the caste system in colonial Latin America?
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Which group of Indigenous peoples was notably involved in trade and conflict with French interests?
Which group of Indigenous peoples was notably involved in trade and conflict with French interests?
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What role did the Puritans play in England's religious developments?
What role did the Puritans play in England's religious developments?
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Who was the King of Sweden known for military innovations during the Thirty Years' War?
Who was the King of Sweden known for military innovations during the Thirty Years' War?
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What was the primary function of the Hudson’s Bay Company established by the British?
What was the primary function of the Hudson’s Bay Company established by the British?
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What was a consequence of the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre?
What was a consequence of the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre?
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Which colony was one of the earliest English settlements in North America and crucial for the development of British America?
Which colony was one of the earliest English settlements in North America and crucial for the development of British America?
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What economic theory emphasizes that colonies exist primarily for the benefit of the mother country?
What economic theory emphasizes that colonies exist primarily for the benefit of the mother country?
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What was a significant consequence of the plantation economies in the Southern colonies?
What was a significant consequence of the plantation economies in the Southern colonies?
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Which group sought religious freedom and established colonies in New England?
Which group sought religious freedom and established colonies in New England?
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Which financial instrument was crucial in facilitating trade and investment in colonial ventures?
Which financial instrument was crucial in facilitating trade and investment in colonial ventures?
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Which term describes the idea that colonies should produce their own goods to reduce dependence on European powers?
Which term describes the idea that colonies should produce their own goods to reduce dependence on European powers?
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What is the significance of the Zanj Revolt in the context of slavery?
What is the significance of the Zanj Revolt in the context of slavery?
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Which of the following statements about war captives and slavery is true?
Which of the following statements about war captives and slavery is true?
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What was a significant role of the Mamluks in Islamic societies?
What was a significant role of the Mamluks in Islamic societies?
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Which city was known for its slave trade during the medieval period?
Which city was known for its slave trade during the medieval period?
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What led to the decline of Indigenous populations in the New World?
What led to the decline of Indigenous populations in the New World?
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What was a key aspect of the Triangular Trade?
What was a key aspect of the Triangular Trade?
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Which of the following correctly describes the role of Mansa Musa in the slave trade?
Which of the following correctly describes the role of Mansa Musa in the slave trade?
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What role did Viking raids play in the context of slavery?
What role did Viking raids play in the context of slavery?
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How did local conflicts and banditry affect the slave trade in Africa?
How did local conflicts and banditry affect the slave trade in Africa?
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Who were the main advocates against slavery during the abolition movement?
Who were the main advocates against slavery during the abolition movement?
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Study Notes
Religious Wars in Europe
- French Monarchy: consolidated its power, leading to conflicts over religion and authority
- Huguenots: French Protestants who were persecuted by the Catholic monarchy
- St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre: a massacre of Huguenots in Paris that heightened religious tensions
- French Wars of Religion: conflicts between Catholics and Protestants
- Edict of Nantes: granted religious tolerance to Huguenots
- Witchcraft: women were often accused and persecuted as witches
- Catholic Spain: remained staunchly Catholic and clashed with Protestant nations
- Philip II: Spanish king who tried to enforce Catholicism
- Golden Century: period in Spain characterized by cultural flourishing, art and literature
- Netherlands Revolt: rebellion against Spanish rule due to heavy taxation and religious persecution
- Duke of Alba: suppressed the Dutch revolt with brutal force
- United Provinces: Northern provinces that gained independence from Spain
- Peace of Westphalia: ended the Thirty Years' War and established the sovereignty of states
- King Henry VIII of England: established the Church of England, breaking from the Catholic Church
- Queen Elizabeth I: solidified Protestantism in England and navigated religious conflicts
- Puritans: English Protestants seeking to purify the Church of England
- War with Spain (Armada/Holland): England defeated the Spanish Armada and established itself as a naval power
- Thirty Years' War: devastating conflict in Germany involving European powers, leading to religious and political changes
- Bohemian Revolt: sparked the Thirty Years' War after the Bohemian Protestants rebelled against Hapsburg rule
- Ferdinand (Hapsburgs): Holy Roman Emperor who escalated religious conflicts by imposing Catholicism
- Gustavus Adolphus: King of Sweden who introduced new military tactics during the Thirty Years' War
Scientific Revolution
- Royal Society: an organization in England promoting scientific research and collaboration
- Heliocentric Universe (Copernicus): proposed that the sun is the center of the universe, challenging the geocentric view
- Kepler: discovered laws of planetary motion, supporting the heliocentric theory
- Galileo (Inquisition): his support for heliocentrism led to conflict with the Catholic Church
- Newton (Gravity): developed laws of motion and universal gravitation, laying the foundation for classical physics
- Deism: belief in a rational creator who doesn't intervene in the universe
- Bacon (Empiricism): advocated for scientific method based on observation and experimentation
- Descartes (Rationalism): reason as the primary source of knowledge ("I think, therefore I am")
Absolutism
- Absolutism: political doctrine where a single ruler holds absolute power
- Louis XIV (France): epitomized absolute monarchy, centralized power and built Versailles
- Colbert (Mercantilism): Louis XIV's financial minister who promoted state-controlled economy and overseas trade
- Versailles: grand palace symbolizing Louis XIV's power and control
- Huguenots: French Protestants who faced persecution under Louis XIV
- War of Spanish Succession: conflict over the succession to the Spanish throne
England: Constitutional Monarchy
- Constitutional Monarchy: system where the monarchy's powers are limited by law and governed by a constitution
- Parliament/Charles I: conflict between the king and Parliament leading to the English Civil War
- English Civil War: conflict between royalists and parliamentarians
- Restoration: Charles II returned to the throne after the Commonwealth
- Glorious Revolution (Bill of Rights): overthrow of James II and establishment of William and Mary, leading to constitutional changes
- Hobbes (Leviathan): argued for strong central authority to avoid chaos
- Locke (Natural Rights): argued that individuals have inherent rights to life, liberty, and property
Imperial Rivalries in the Americas
- Tribute States (Americas): Indigenous societies paying tribute to powerful leaders in the form of goods or labor
- Trade Networks: complex systems of trade among Indigenous peoples before European contact
- New Spain + Peru: Spanish colonies rich in resources and wealth
- Encomienda System: granted Spanish settlers the right to extract labor from Indigenous people
- Successor States: new political entities that arose following the fall of the Aztec and Inca Empires
- Christianity (Conversion): efforts to convert Indigenous peoples to Christianity led by missionaries
- Franciscans/Jesuits: religious orders engaged in missionary work, education, and cultural exchanges
- Missions: religious outposts established to convert and educate
- Courts (Justice): legal systems established by colonial authorities to control the Indigenous population
- Silver: a major resource extracted from the Americas, fueling Spanish wealth
- Pueblo Revolt: Indigenous Pueblo people revolted against Spanish colonization
- Caste System: hierarchical system in colonial Latin America based on race and ethnicity
- Champlain: French explorer who founded Quebec and established relations with Indigenous tribes
- Jesuits: French missionaries active in Canada
- Iroquois/Huron: Indigenous groups involved in trade and conflict with European powers
- Voyageurs: French fur traders who established trade routes in North America
- Hudson’s Bay Company: British trading company that competed with French interests
- Virginia (13 Colonies): one of the first English colonies, crucial for the development of British America
- Nova Scotia: early British settlement in Canada
- Southern Colonies (Slavery/Plantations): regions where plantation economies developed and enslaved labor was paramount
- Resources/Manufactured Goods: export of raw materials to England and import of manufactured goods contributed to the colonial economy
- Women’s Rights: early discussions about women's roles in society
- Religious Minorities (Puritans): groups like Puritans sought religious freedom and established colonies
- Imperialism: European powers sought to explore and colonize the Americas for economic reasons
- Mercantilism: economic theory where colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country
- Self-Sufficiency: colonies producing their own goods to reduce dependence on European powers
- Banks: financial institutions that facilitated investment in colonial ventures
- Joint Ventures (British East India Co.): enterprises that pooled resources for trade in Asia, reflecting imperial interests
- Rivalries (Wars): wars between European powers over territory, trade routes, and resources
Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade
- War Captives: slavery often originated from warfare, with captives being taken as slaves
- Greeks and Romans: enslaved prisoners of war and used them as gladiators
- Ottoman Empire: used captives for domestic service or military roles
- Islamic World: the term "slave" is derived from "Slav," referring to the Slavic people who were often taken as slaves
- Zanj Revolt: a major uprising of African slaves in the Middle East
- Mamluks: slave soldiers in Islamic societies who sometimes rose to positions of power
- Mongols: used slavery and forced labor during conquests
- Renaissance Italy: a cosmopolitan society, connected with various regions and engaging in the slave trade
- Kaffa: Tartars captured and sold slaves in the city of Kaffa
- Venice: amassed wealth through trade, including in slaves
- Vikings and Rus: raided Slavic regions for slaves, trading them to Islamic markets
- Khazars: involved in the slave trade between Europe and the Middle East
- Trans-Saharan Trade: African kingdoms like Ghana and Mali engaged in the slave trade
- Mansa Musa: under his rule, Mali became a center of wealth and trade, including gold and slaves
- Timbuktu: a hub for trade and learning, where slaves and gold were traded
- Banditry: local conflicts and banditry often supplied captives for the slave trade
- Spain and Portugal: exploited Indigenous labor in the New World
- African Slaves: as Indigenous populations declined, Africans became the main source of labor in the New World
- Transatlantic Slave Trade: connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas, shipping enslaved Africans to plantations
- Triangular Trade: European goods were traded for slaves, who were then shipped to the Americas to produce raw materials that were sent back to Europe
- Slave Resistance: enslaved people resisted through revolts, escapes, and preserving cultural practices
- Abolitionists: figures like William Wilberforce and groups like the Quakers advocated against slavery
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Description
Explore the tumultuous period of religious wars in Europe, focusing on conflicts such as the French Wars of Religion and the Netherlands Revolt. This quiz covers key events, figures, and the impact of legislation like the Edict of Nantes. Test your knowledge on how religion influenced power dynamics and societal changes during these critical times.
