Religious Studies Chapter 5 Key Terms
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Religious Ritual is an agreed-on formalized pattern of ceremonial movements and verbal expressions carried out in a sacred context; found in every human community and are a primary means of social communication and cohesion. If a symbol is a meaningful sign, this can be called a significant _____

action

What is a mantra?

sacred chant; sounds of more than one syllables

What are rites of passage?

ceremony or event marking important stage in someone's life

Liminal Stage is the transitional stage between pre-ritual status and post-ritual status; it represents ____________

<p>antistructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is communitas?

<p>spontaneous bond of communion between members of a society</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does tonsure signify?

<p>shaving head to denote admission into religious order</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a social puberty rite?

<p>transition from asexual of childhood to adult society that is differentiated by sexual roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Bar Mitzvah?

<p>applied to Jewish boy on his 13th birthday in a synagogue ceremony where he takes on his religious responsibilities in the community</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a life crisis rite?

<p>ritual dealing with specific life crisis for an individual or community</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an exorcism?

<p>expelling of evil spirits by use of special ritual or use of holy name</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the New Year (Akitu) Festival?

<p>spring festival in ancient Mesopotamia of Babylonians</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is propitiation?

<p>to appease or conciliate another</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does expiation mean?

<p>making of amends</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a scapegoat?

<p>goat sent into wilderness after Jewish priest symbolically laid sins of the people upon it</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Yom Kippur?

<p>Jewish day of atonement; holiest day of Jewish year</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sacrament?

<p>act of Christian Church regarded as visible sign of divine grace</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a seasonal and calendar rite?

<p>rituals associated with rhythmic changes of nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

All the organs function together to maintain the whole; society is like ______________.

<p>organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are rituals of initiation?

<p>Baptisms and Bar Mitzvahs are examples of</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rituals can help to resolve ___________ due to the scarcity or the arbitrary distribution of life's material goods.

<p>social tensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

The act of _________, removing individuals from their old status.

<p>separation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ___________ stage, frequently marked by some form of social isolation and a condition of status-lessness.

<p>transitional</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ stage, signaling the passage to a new status.

<p>reincorporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are vocational initiation rites?

<p>initiation ceremonies for special groups or fraternities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a vocational initiation rite?

<p>Tonsure, ritual in Chinese Buddhism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are life crisis rites?

<p>undertaken to meet a specific crisis in the life of an individual or a community</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of marriage and funeral rites?

<p>engagement = limbo stage; death = separation stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'leases on life' follow a more or less uniform structure that are described in terms of four principle movements: First comes the rites of _________ symbolizing when one lease of life has drawn to a close and the next is not yet assured.

<p>mortification</p> Signup and view all the answers

Second comes rites of __________ where the community seeks to rid itself of all noxiousness and contagion and of all evil influences.

<p>purgation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Third comes rites of __________ where the community attempts to procure that new lease of life.

<p>invigoration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Last comes rites of __________ which speaks their sense of relief when the new year has begun and the continuance of their own lives is thereby assured.

<p>jubilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Broadly speaking, all religious ritual is sacramental in that it concerns the presence of the sacred or holy. Sacraments make use of _________ things - words, gestures, and objects - for a _________ purpose.

<p>temporal; spiritual</p> Signup and view all the answers

_______________ are not only performative, but also ________. This action must be undertaken periodically at certain specified times of the season, the life cycle, or the liturgical calendar.

<p>Sacramental Rite(s); repetitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Religious Rituals

Formalized actions and expressions in a sacred context, found in all societies.

Mantras

Sacred chants, often multi-syllabled.

Rites of Passage

Ceremonies marking life stages.

Liminal Stage

Transitional phase between pre- and post-ritual.

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Communitas

Strong bond among community members.

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Tonsure

Shaving the head, often for religious orders.

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Social Puberty Rites

Ceremonies marking transition to adulthood.

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Bar Mitzvah

Jewish ceremony for boys at 13.

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Life Crisis Rites

Rituals for addressing personal or community crises.

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Shamans

Religious leaders with supernatural powers.

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Exorcism

Ritual to expel evil spirits.

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Propitiation

Appeasing a deity or force.

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Expiation

Making amends for wrongdoing.

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Scapegoat

Symbol of transferring sins.

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Yom Kippur

Jewish day of atonement.

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Sacrament

Christian act signifying divine grace.

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Seasonal Rites

Rituals connected to the natural cycle.

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Rituals of Initiation

Ceremonies for entering new roles.

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Social Tensions

Rituals can resolve disputes and conflicts.

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Rite of Passage Stages

Separation, liminal stage, and reintegration.

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Vocational Initiation Rites

Ceremonies for entering elite roles.

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Marriage Rites

Rituals marking the union of two individuals.

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Funeral Rites

Rituals marking a loss.

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Organization Metaphor

Treat society like an organism; various parts functioning together to maintain stability.

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Study Notes

Religious Rituals

  • Formalized actions and verbal expressions in a sacred context found in every human community.
  • Serve as a means of social communication and cohesion.
  • Can be viewed as significant symbols.

Mantras

  • Sacred chants consisting of sounds that have more than one syllable.

Rites of Passage

  • Ceremonies or events marking significant stages in a person's life.

Liminal Stage

  • Transitional phase between pre-ritual and post-ritual status.
  • Represents an 'antistructure' where normal social order is temporarily suspended.

Communitas

  • Spontaneous bond among members of a society.
  • Viewed as holy because it transcends social structures and institutional norms.

Tonsure

  • The practice of shaving one’s head to signify admission into a religious order, commonly associated with monks.

Social Puberty Rites

  • Ceremonies indicating the transition from asexual childhood to adult society, marked by the differentiation of sexual roles.

Bar Mitzvah

  • A Jewish ceremony on a boy's 13th birthday signifying his acceptance of religious responsibilities.

Life Crisis Rites

  • Rituals aimed at addressing specific crises impacting individuals or communities.

Shamans

  • Religious professionals with special powers to interact with the supernatural.
  • Undergo rigorous initiations to gain control over spirits for healing and spiritual journeys.

Exorcism

  • The ritual of expelling evil spirits through special methods or invoking holy names.

New Year (Akitu) Festival

  • An ancient Mesopotamian spring festival celebrated by the Babylonians.

Propitiation

  • Act of appeasement, such as reciting prayers for favor before events like games.

Expiation

  • Act of making amends; represented by symbols like a goat sent into the desert bearing the community's sins.

Scapegoat

  • A goat sent away after a Jewish priest symbolically places the sins of the people upon it.

Yom Kippur

  • The holiest day in the Jewish calendar, dedicated to atonement.

Sacrament

  • Christian acts regarded as visible signs of divine grace, such as baptism.

Seasonal and Calendar Rites

  • Rituals linked with natural life cycles including seasonal changes, related to agriculture.

Organism Metaphor

  • Society is compared to an organism where various parts function together to sustain the whole.

Rituals of Initiation

  • Examples include baptisms and Bar Mitzvahs that signify entry into new social or religious roles.

Social Tensions and Duties

  • Rituals help resolve social tensions caused by resource scarcity.
  • Rituals define social roles and articulate communal beliefs and behaviors.

Common Pattern in Rites of Passage

  • Rites typically consist of three stages: separation, liminal stage, and reintegration.

Vocational Initiation Rites

  • Ceremonies for elite groups, demonstrating special knowledge or spiritual abilities.

Marriage and Funeral Rites

  • Reflect the stages of life, with engagements serving as a limbo stage and funerals indicating separation.

Four Principal Movements of Life Rites

  • Mortification: Signifies the end of one lease of life.
  • Purgation: Community cleanses itself from negative influences.
  • Invigoration: Attempts to secure a new lease of life.
  • Jubilation: Community expresses relief upon entering a new phase.

Nature of Sacred Rituals

  • Religious rituals utilize temporal elements for spiritual purposes, encapsulating the connection between the sacred and mundane.

Sacramental Rites

  • Characterized by repetitive performance at designated times, maintaining meticulous accuracy in execution and representing sacred patterns of behavior.

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Explore key terms from Chapter 5 of your Religious Studies textbook. This quiz features flashcards that help reinforce essential concepts such as religious rituals and mantras. Perfect for studying or review before your next exam!

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