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Religious Development Under Somerset
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Religious Development Under Somerset

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@CoolNephrite5439

Questions and Answers

What was Somerset’s relationship to Lutheranism?

  • He was strictly opposed to it.
  • He fully embraced it.
  • He had some sympathy towards it. (correct)
  • He was indifferent to all reform movements.

    • Edward was able to direct religious policy effectively during his reign.

    False

    Who publicly denounced images in February 1547?

    Nicholas Ridley

    Somerset made his first forays into religious reform in ______.

    <p>July 1547</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What risk did Somerset face if he fully embraced Lutheranism?

    <p>Alienating Francis and Charles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Somerset was eager to make rapid changes to England's religious direction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bishops did Somerset welcome into his household?

    <p>Bishops Becon and Hooper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following individuals with their roles:

    <p>Edward = Young king advocating for reform Somerset = Protector with evangelical sympathies Nicholas Ridley = Bishop who denounced images Gardiner = Conservative bishop against reform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Eamon Duffy suggest about the general attitude of most people towards Catholic practices during reforms?

    <p>They were pragmatists, adapting to survive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Marian Restoration was embraced by congregations at a slow pace, indicating strong support for Protestant reforms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common misconception among members of the laity regarding the reforms?

    <p>They did not understand the nature of the reforms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most people's enthusiasm for Catholic practices persisted until they were _________.

    <p>banned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Pragmatists = People who adapt for survival Marian Restoration = Return to Catholic practices Protestant Reforms = Changes mandated by leaders Laity = Ordinary churchgoers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significant change made to church services during Edward VI's reign?

    <p>Removal of all Catholic elements from the Eucharist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Black Rubric proclamation clarified that kneeling during the Communion service was an act of worshipping an idol.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was removed from his see in February 1550, indicating a shift towards religious reform?

    <p>Bishop Bonner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ___ Book of Common Prayer was issued by Cranmer in January 1552.

    <p>Second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following individuals with their contributions:

    <p>Thomas Cranmer = Issued the Second Book of Common Prayer Martin Bucer = Influential German theologian John Calvin = Prominent Reformer and influence on Cranmer Edward VI = Protestant King during the Reformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act made it illegal for clergy and laity to not attend church services?

    <p>Second Act of Uniformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bishop Hooper believed the pace of reform was aided by a cooperative public.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of the reforms initiated during Edward VI's reign?

    <p>To remove Catholic elements and enforce evangelical beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 42 Articles expressed ideas of justification by ___ alone.

    <p>faith</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the public in London seemed to enthusiastically embrace Protestantism?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant act was passed by Parliament that helped remove the legal basis for Catholicism?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Book of Common Prayer established the use of Latin in church services.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary challenge in assessing the religious reforms under Somerset?

    <p>Key elements of Catholicism were removed but not replaced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of the Royal Injunctions issued?

    <p>To reassert previous injunctions and initiate iconoclastic practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Somerset’s regency was characterized by a complete acceptance of Lutheranism and Calvinism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The practice of removing church decorations is known as __________.

    <p>iconoclasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following clergy actions with their requirements:

    <p>Preach every Sunday = Only in English Ensure an English Bible = To be furnished with Erasmus’ Paraphrases Furnish themselves with the Book of Homilies = Model sermons to be read on Sundays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the major outcomes of Warwick's rise to power regarding religious shifts in England?

    <p>A shift toward evangelical reforms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a requirement given to priests?

    <p>Preach in Latin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bishop Hooper found that _____ of his 311 priests could not recite the Ten Commandments.

    <p>171</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Somerset's proclamations in 1548 indicated that he was confident in the reforms he was implementing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group was primarily at odds with John Hooper regarding the new Ordinal introduced in January 1550?

    <p>Archbishop Cranmer and Bishop Ridley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Chantries Act?

    <p>Dissolution of chantries and raising funds for the Scottish campaign.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Book of Common Prayer under Somerset denied the concept of purgatory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was William Paget's assessment of the state of religion in England in mid-1549?

    <p>The old religion was forbidden, but the new was not established in most of the realm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ was a new prayer book that established the liturgy of the Church.

    <p>Book of Common Prayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of Catholicism was maintained even after the reforms?

    <p>Priests had to wear traditional vestments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Warwick, later known as Northumberland, opted to align with the _____ in order to strengthen his position on the council.

    <p>evangelicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following figures with their associated views on religious reform:

    <p>John Hooper = Extreme evangelicalism Warwick/Northumberland = Opportunism and alignment with evangelicals Bishop Cranmer = Moderate reformist Archbishop Ridley = Support for evangelical changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the religious reforms under Somerset according to the passage?

    <p>Milquetoast and lacking doctrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Religious Development Under Somerset

    • Edward VI, influenced by evangelical beliefs, lacked the authority to direct ecclesiastical policy due to his young age.
    • Somerset, showing sympathy for Lutheranism, welcomed reformers but did not aim for radical changes.
    • Edward's regency faced the dual challenge of balancing reform with the risk of alienating Catholic allies like Francis I and Charles V.
    • Evangelicals, returning from exile, raised tensions, particularly when Bishop Nicholas Ridley condemned images in early 1547, leading to some abandoning the Mass.
    • Somerset adopted a cautious approach, issuing Royal Injunctions in July 1547 that reinforced and expanded upon previous injunctions, leading to iconoclasm.
    • Key measures included forbidding church decorations, mandating the English Bible, and enforcing English preaching by priests.
    • Enforcement of reforms was initiated through visitations despite opposition from conservative bishops like Gardiner.
    • In November 1547, Parliament repealed the Act of Six Articles, signalling a legal shift away from Catholicism and allowing for the growth of radical ideas.
    • The Chantries Act of 1547 dissolved chantries, raising funds for military campaigns, while indicating a push toward evangelical thought.
    • By 1548, unrest grew as radical texts circulated, leading Somerset to reassert Catholic rites and restrict preaching to control the pace of reform.
    • The Book of Common Prayer, issued in 1549, represented a significant liturgical change, but retained elements of Catholicism like vestments and holy days.
    • Somerset's reforms appeared insufficient, splitting the public between reformers and Catholics, leading to mixed adherence to the new practices.

    Religious Reform Under Northumberland

    • Removal of Somerset in October 1549 resulted in increased division within England’s religious landscape.
    • Northumberland allied closely with evangelicals, eliminating conservative voices from the council.
    • His leadership marked a shift towards a stronger evangelical path, influenced by radical reformist ideas prevalent between 1547 and 1550.
    • Initial reforms faced controversy, as seen in John Hooper's clash with Cranmer over ordination procedures and vestment requirements.
    • Legislative changes in 1550 mandated plain wooden altars and surplices for priests, continuing the trend of iconoclasm established under Somerset.
    • 1551 saw further consolidation of evangelical control, with conservative bishops removed and church valuables confiscated.
    • The second Book of Common Prayer, introduced in January 1552, eliminated Catholic vestiges, affirming the commemoration of the Eucharist without transubstantiation.
    • The Second Book, backed by strict laws, aimed to enforce conformity through harsh penalties for noncompliance.
    • The 42 Articles were presented in 1552, reflecting strong evangelical doctrines, though they were never enacted due to Edward's death in 1553.

    Religious Reform Under Edward – Assessment

    • By 1553, England was officially Protestant with an evangelical majority among bishops and a Protestant king.
    • Reforms signified the influence of continental reformers but faced internal resistance from the laity.
    • Evangelicals like Bucer critiqued the pace of reform, suggesting that public adherence was superficial and old superstitions remained prevalent.
    • Bishop Hooper noted the public's reluctance to fully embrace the new doctrines, highlighting simmering opposition to imposed changes.### Protestants and Catholicism in Early Modern England
    • Protestant enthusiasm in London was low, with only 20% showing real commitment to the movement.
    • Catholicism maintained strong popularity in northern regions like Lancashire, Staffordshire, and Worcestershire.
    • Eamon Duffy, in ‘The Stripping of the Altars,’ highlights that many individuals pragmatically adapted to survive under oppressive changes by selling their Catholic heritage.
    • Most people retained affection for Catholic rituals until these practices were outright banned by authorities.

    Understanding of Reforms

    • Many laypeople and some clergy lacked a clear understanding of the implemented reforms, indicating confusion and resistance.
    • Pragmatic behavior was prevalent until the reforms were enforced, suggesting individuals may not have genuinely supported Protestantism.
    • Wills from various regions show differing levels of enthusiasm for religious reforms.
    • The rapid acceptance of the Marian Restoration by congregations signifies a lack of true allegiance to Protestant reforms, revealing underlying Catholic sentiments.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the religious changes during Edward VI's reign under Somerset's regency. It examines the influence of evangelical beliefs, the challenges faced in maintaining a balance between reform and maintaining alliances, and the impact of key measures such as the Royal Injunctions. Test your knowledge on this transformative period in English religious history.

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