Religious Development under Somerset
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What was Somerset's approach to Lutheranism during Edward's reign?

  • He rejected all forms of Protestantism.
  • He fully embraced evangelicalism.
  • He had some sympathy with Lutheranism. (correct)
  • He promoted Calvinism actively.

    • Edward was able to direct religious policy effectively from the start of his reign.

    False

    Who publicly denounced images in February 1547?

    Nicholas Ridley

    Somerset's first significant actions towards religious reform took place in __________.

    <p>July 1547</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reformers was welcomed into Somerset's household?

    <p>Bishop Becon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following individuals or groups with their characteristics related to Somerset's religious developments:

    <p>Somerset = Characterized as somewhat sympathetic towards Lutheranism Nicholas Ridley = Publicly denounced images Bishops Gardiner = Exhibited conservatism Evangelicals = Returned from exile during Henry VIII's reign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The majority of lower clergy and the general population were in favor of Protestant reforms right away.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one major risk Somerset faced by embracing Lutheranism?

    <p>Alienating Francis and Charles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were many people essentially described as in relation to their religious practices?

    <p>Pragmatists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People understood the reforms that were implemented by the authorities.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did congregations demonstrate in their response to the Marian Restoration?

    <p>Haste in embracing it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most people retained enthusiasm for Catholic practices until they were __________.

    <p>banned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Pragmatism = Adapting beliefs for survival Marian Restoration = Return to Catholic practices Protestant Reform = Introduction of evangelical reforms Laity = Non-clerical members of the church</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change was implemented in churches by the Royal Injunctions of November 1550?

    <p>Altars were replaced with plain wooden tables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Second Book of Common Prayer was heavily influenced by Catholic theology.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was primarily responsible for issuing the Second Book of Common Prayer in 1552?

    <p>Thomas Cranmer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The act of kneeling during the Communion service was clarified in the 'Black Rubric' as simply one of _____ rather than of worshipping an idol.

    <p>practicality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the religious figures to their contributions or ideas:

    <p>Martin Bucer = Influenced the Second Book of Common Prayer John Calvin = Promoted the idea of predestination Thomas Cranmer = Archbishop who issued doctrinal writings Bishop Hooper = Noted public resistance to reform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary aim of the Treason Act introduced in January 1552?

    <p>To make it a criminal offense to question royal supremacy or the Church's articles of faith.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Edward VI's religious reforms were uniformly accepted across England.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific reform did Bishop Bonner's removal indicate in 1550?

    <p>A shift towards a more evangelical majority among bishops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The new version of the Eucharist ceremony was renamed the __________.

    <p>Lord's Supper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the majority of parishes respond to the reforms by 1553?

    <p>They embraced the new service and communion tables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the church concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Transubstantiation = The belief in the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist Purgatory = A state of purification before heaven Justification by faith alone = Salvation through faith, not works Evangelicalism = A branch of Protestant Christianity emphasizing the authority of Scripture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By 1553, England had officially adopted numerous Catholic doctrines.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary method for enforcing adherence to the Second Book of Common Prayer?

    <p>The Second Act of Uniformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary theological influence for Cranmer in developing the Second Book of Common Prayer was ______.

    <p>John Calvin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best represents the religious climate during Somerset's regency?

    <p>Catholicism was completely eliminated without a replacement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Somerset's government strictly punished the laity for not attending church services.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did visitations play after the Act of Uniformity?

    <p>They ensured that priests were following the new orders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bishop Hooper found that ______ of his 311 priests could not recite the Ten Commandments in his diocese.

    <p>171</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the key outcomes of Warwick's purge of conservative voices?

    <p>Advancement of evangelical reform.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reforms under Somerset were characterized by a strong new statement of doctrine.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the controversy surrounding the new Ordinal introduced in January 1550?

    <p>Disagreement over the necessity of swearing oaths to the saints and the dress code for priests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Warwick's rise to power was marked by a shift towards ________ reform.

    <p>evangelical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which individual challenged Archbishop Cranmer and Bishop Ridley regarding ordination procedures?

    <p>John Hooper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Book of Common Prayer denied the concepts of transubstantiation and purgatory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did William Paget observe about the state of religious reform in mid-1549?

    <p>That the old religion was forbidden by law but the new was not yet embraced by most of the populace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following individuals with their perspectives on religious reform:

    <p>Somerset = Tentative about religious changes Warwick/Northumberland = Advocate of evangelical reform Bishop Hooper = Extreme evangelical views Archbishop Cranmer = Moderate reform policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Many thinkers exposed to radical reformist ideas of _____ and Zwingli returned to England.

    <p>Calvin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the nobility and gentry play in the reform process under Somerset?

    <p>They were generally willing to embrace moderate change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the key changes made by the Royal Injunctions?

    <p>Encouraging the destruction of images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The practice of iconoclasm refers to the removal of traditional folk practices in the Church.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of the Book of Common Prayer?

    <p>To set out the liturgy the Church was now to follow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The practice of removing church decorations is known as ___ .

    <p>iconoclasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following religious practices or items with their descriptions:

    <p>Candlemas = A Christian feast to commemorate the presentation of Jesus at the Temple Eucharist = A sacrament representing the Last Supper Transubstantiation = The belief that bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ Chantries = Places where prayers for the dead were said</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the primary author of the Book of Common Prayer?

    <p>Thomas Cranmer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the reforms under Somerset, new radical religious texts were published due to the relaxation of censorship laws.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was significant about the Chantries Act passed by Parliament?

    <p>It dissolved the remaining chantries and raised funds for the Scottish campaign.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ made it clear that only authorized clergy were allowed to preach.

    <p>April proclamation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reforms with their effects:

    <p>Repeal of the Act of Six Articles = Removed legal basis for Catholicism Book of Common Prayer = Standardized church services in English Royal Injunctions = Changed church appearances significantly Proclamations by Somerset = Attempted to control the pace of reform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Royal Injunctions specifically ban?

    <p>Processions and the burning of lights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Priests were permitted to marry under the new reforms.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Somerset respond to the radical reforms during his leadership?

    <p>He issued proclamations to assert control over religious practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'faith alone' is associated with the idea of _____ .

    <p>justification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Religious Development Under Somerset

    • Edward VI, influenced by evangelical beliefs, lacked the authority to direct ecclesiastical policy due to his young age.
    • Somerset, showing sympathy for Lutheranism, welcomed reformers but did not aim for radical changes.
    • Edward's regency faced the dual challenge of balancing reform with the risk of alienating Catholic allies like Francis I and Charles V.
    • Evangelicals, returning from exile, raised tensions, particularly when Bishop Nicholas Ridley condemned images in early 1547, leading to some abandoning the Mass.
    • Somerset adopted a cautious approach, issuing Royal Injunctions in July 1547 that reinforced and expanded upon previous injunctions, leading to iconoclasm.
    • Key measures included forbidding church decorations, mandating the English Bible, and enforcing English preaching by priests.
    • Enforcement of reforms was initiated through visitations despite opposition from conservative bishops like Gardiner.
    • In November 1547, Parliament repealed the Act of Six Articles, signalling a legal shift away from Catholicism and allowing for the growth of radical ideas.
    • The Chantries Act of 1547 dissolved chantries, raising funds for military campaigns, while indicating a push toward evangelical thought.
    • By 1548, unrest grew as radical texts circulated, leading Somerset to reassert Catholic rites and restrict preaching to control the pace of reform.
    • The Book of Common Prayer, issued in 1549, represented a significant liturgical change, but retained elements of Catholicism like vestments and holy days.
    • Somerset's reforms appeared insufficient, splitting the public between reformers and Catholics, leading to mixed adherence to the new practices.

    Religious Reform Under Northumberland

    • Removal of Somerset in October 1549 resulted in increased division within England’s religious landscape.
    • Northumberland allied closely with evangelicals, eliminating conservative voices from the council.
    • His leadership marked a shift towards a stronger evangelical path, influenced by radical reformist ideas prevalent between 1547 and 1550.
    • Initial reforms faced controversy, as seen in John Hooper's clash with Cranmer over ordination procedures and vestment requirements.
    • Legislative changes in 1550 mandated plain wooden altars and surplices for priests, continuing the trend of iconoclasm established under Somerset.
    • 1551 saw further consolidation of evangelical control, with conservative bishops removed and church valuables confiscated.
    • The second Book of Common Prayer, introduced in January 1552, eliminated Catholic vestiges, affirming the commemoration of the Eucharist without transubstantiation.
    • The Second Book, backed by strict laws, aimed to enforce conformity through harsh penalties for noncompliance.
    • The 42 Articles were presented in 1552, reflecting strong evangelical doctrines, though they were never enacted due to Edward's death in 1553.

    Religious Reform Under Edward – Assessment

    • By 1553, England was officially Protestant with an evangelical majority among bishops and a Protestant king.
    • Reforms signified the influence of continental reformers but faced internal resistance from the laity.
    • Evangelicals like Bucer critiqued the pace of reform, suggesting that public adherence was superficial and old superstitions remained prevalent.
    • Bishop Hooper noted the public's reluctance to fully embrace the new doctrines, highlighting simmering opposition to imposed changes.### Protestants and Catholicism in Early Modern England
    • Protestant enthusiasm in London was low, with only 20% showing real commitment to the movement.
    • Catholicism maintained strong popularity in northern regions like Lancashire, Staffordshire, and Worcestershire.
    • Eamon Duffy, in ‘The Stripping of the Altars,’ highlights that many individuals pragmatically adapted to survive under oppressive changes by selling their Catholic heritage.
    • Most people retained affection for Catholic rituals until these practices were outright banned by authorities.

    Understanding of Reforms

    • Many laypeople and some clergy lacked a clear understanding of the implemented reforms, indicating confusion and resistance.
    • Pragmatic behavior was prevalent until the reforms were enforced, suggesting individuals may not have genuinely supported Protestantism.
    • Wills from various regions show differing levels of enthusiasm for religious reforms.
    • The rapid acceptance of the Marian Restoration by congregations signifies a lack of true allegiance to Protestant reforms, revealing underlying Catholic sentiments.

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    Description

    Explore the religious transformations during Edward VI's reign, particularly under the influence of Somerset. This quiz delves into the dynamics between Edward's personal beliefs and Somerset's policies. Assess the impact of their beliefs and decisions on the church and society of the time.

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