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Questions and Answers
What is the central question the author seeks to address in this chapter?
What is the central question the author seeks to address in this chapter?
What is the author's initial approach to exploring the relationship between religion and war?
What is the author's initial approach to exploring the relationship between religion and war?
Why does the author suggest that it may be difficult to reach definitive conclusions about the relationship between religion and war?
Why does the author suggest that it may be difficult to reach definitive conclusions about the relationship between religion and war?
What is the significance of the author's mention of the Suq el Qatanin?
What is the significance of the author's mention of the Suq el Qatanin?
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According to the author, what is the role of theoretical concepts in understanding the relationship between religion and war?
According to the author, what is the role of theoretical concepts in understanding the relationship between religion and war?
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What does the author imply by stating that 'we may not, however, be able to take it as far as the tidy-minded would ideally wish'?
What does the author imply by stating that 'we may not, however, be able to take it as far as the tidy-minded would ideally wish'?
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What is the primary purpose of mentioning Rudolf Otto's notion of religion?
What is the primary purpose of mentioning Rudolf Otto's notion of religion?
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What can be inferred from the author's statement that 'If we fail in the attempt, that may tell us something else'?
What can be inferred from the author's statement that 'If we fail in the attempt, that may tell us something else'?
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What is the significance of the passage from War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy?
What is the significance of the passage from War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy?
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How does the passage connect the author's argument about war to religion?
How does the passage connect the author's argument about war to religion?
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What does the author imply about the purpose of war in this passage?
What does the author imply about the purpose of war in this passage?
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Which of the following statements BEST reflects the author's view on religion's role in resolving conflicts?
Which of the following statements BEST reflects the author's view on religion's role in resolving conflicts?
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What is the significance of the phrase "infinite sky" in the passage?
What is the significance of the phrase "infinite sky" in the passage?
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How does Prince Andrei's observation of the clouds contribute to his epiphany?
How does Prince Andrei's observation of the clouds contribute to his epiphany?
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What is the author's primary aim in this passage?
What is the author's primary aim in this passage?
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Which of the following best summarizes the author's argument?
Which of the following best summarizes the author's argument?
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What fundamental critique does the author make about the question of religion and war?
What fundamental critique does the author make about the question of religion and war?
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What characteristic of 'lived religions' does the author emphasize?
What characteristic of 'lived religions' does the author emphasize?
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What is the author's main point regarding the 'ambivalence of the sacred' approach to understanding religion?
What is the author's main point regarding the 'ambivalence of the sacred' approach to understanding religion?
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What is the implication of the author's statement that 'our general notions of religion...are really the terms of one particular religion'?
What is the implication of the author's statement that 'our general notions of religion...are really the terms of one particular religion'?
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What is the primary purpose of the phrase 'received ideas of religion'?
What is the primary purpose of the phrase 'received ideas of religion'?
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What is the author's main argument about the study of religion and war?
What is the author's main argument about the study of religion and war?
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What significant difference does the author identify between his view of religion and the 'lived religions' approach?
What significant difference does the author identify between his view of religion and the 'lived religions' approach?
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What is the author's critique of the 'ambivalence of the sacred' approach in relation to the study of religion and war?
What is the author's critique of the 'ambivalence of the sacred' approach in relation to the study of religion and war?
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What is the core aspect of religion according to Rudolf Otto?
What is the core aspect of religion according to Rudolf Otto?
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How does Max Weber's view of religion differ from Otto's?
How does Max Weber's view of religion differ from Otto's?
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What is a key characteristic of the 'numinous consciousness'?
What is a key characteristic of the 'numinous consciousness'?
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Which of the following best describes the 'credal' approach to religion?
Which of the following best describes the 'credal' approach to religion?
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According to the 'lived' approach, what is the most important aspect of understanding religion?
According to the 'lived' approach, what is the most important aspect of understanding religion?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the 'lived' approach to religion?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the 'lived' approach to religion?
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What does the text suggest is the key difference between Otto's and Weber's approach to religion?
What does the text suggest is the key difference between Otto's and Weber's approach to religion?
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Which of the following is NOT presented as a potential reason for the difficulty in finding definitive conclusions about war and religion?
Which of the following is NOT presented as a potential reason for the difficulty in finding definitive conclusions about war and religion?
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What distinction is often made when discussing the nature of religion?
What distinction is often made when discussing the nature of religion?
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What does the author suggest about the nature of religion as a concept?
What does the author suggest about the nature of religion as a concept?
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According to the passage, what does the term 'religion-in-general' refer to?
According to the passage, what does the term 'religion-in-general' refer to?
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What does the author imply about the relationship between religion and behavior?
What does the author imply about the relationship between religion and behavior?
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The author suggests that the idea of religion as a belief in something infinite that shapes behavior is __.
The author suggests that the idea of religion as a belief in something infinite that shapes behavior is __.
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What is the main point of the passage?
What is the main point of the passage?
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What is meant by the phrase "Faustian bargain" in the passage?
What is meant by the phrase "Faustian bargain" in the passage?
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According to the passage, what is the double guilt experienced by Christians who fight an unjust war?
According to the passage, what is the double guilt experienced by Christians who fight an unjust war?
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What is the author's attitude towards the idea that war is bad?
What is the author's attitude towards the idea that war is bad?
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How does the author use the example of Vera Brittain to argue their point about war and religion?
How does the author use the example of Vera Brittain to argue their point about war and religion?
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What does the author imply about the idea that war is inherently wrong, based on historical context?
What does the author imply about the idea that war is inherently wrong, based on historical context?
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Why does the author argue against speaking of "religion-in-general" when discussing the idea of war?
Why does the author argue against speaking of "religion-in-general" when discussing the idea of war?
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What is the author's primary purpose in mentioning the historical example of the Church's alliance with Constantine’s Rome?
What is the author's primary purpose in mentioning the historical example of the Church's alliance with Constantine’s Rome?
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Flashcards
Religion-in-general
Religion-in-general
The overarching concept of religion encompassing various beliefs and practices.
Substantive/credal notion
Substantive/credal notion
Understanding religion based on beliefs in the supernatural or transcendent.
Functional/lived religion
Functional/lived religion
Viewing religion through how it's expressed and experienced in daily life.
Monotheism
Monotheism
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Norms of behaviour
Norms of behaviour
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Symbolism
Symbolism
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Shared ritual
Shared ritual
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Atheist perspective on religion
Atheist perspective on religion
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The Holy
The Holy
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Numinous Consciousness
Numinous Consciousness
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Max Weber's View on Religion
Max Weber's View on Religion
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Credal Approach
Credal Approach
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Conceptual Distinction
Conceptual Distinction
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Rituals in Religion
Rituals in Religion
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Lived Religion
Lived Religion
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Informal Community
Informal Community
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Western Christianity
Western Christianity
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Fundamental Structural Problem
Fundamental Structural Problem
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Ambivalence of the Sacred
Ambivalence of the Sacred
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War's fundamental intuition
War's fundamental intuition
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Leo Tolstoy
Leo Tolstoy
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Normative Symbols
Normative Symbols
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Rudolf Otto
Rudolf Otto
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Prince Andrei Bolkonsky
Prince Andrei Bolkonsky
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Plurality of Religious Forms
Plurality of Religious Forms
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Battle of Austerlitz
Battle of Austerlitz
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Vanity and falsehood in war
Vanity and falsehood in war
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Received Ideas of Religion
Received Ideas of Religion
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Revolt against war
Revolt against war
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Religious impulse
Religious impulse
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Reality of peace
Reality of peace
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Vera Brittain
Vera Brittain
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Pacifism
Pacifism
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Holy War
Holy War
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Christian Pacifism
Christian Pacifism
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Faustian Bargain
Faustian Bargain
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Religious Values
Religious Values
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Moral Superiority
Moral Superiority
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War is Undesirable
War is Undesirable
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Clash between Christendom and Umma
Clash between Christendom and Umma
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Atheism in historical context
Atheism in historical context
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Religion's predisposition to war
Religion's predisposition to war
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Religion's predisposition to peace
Religion's predisposition to peace
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Fundamental relationship between war and religion
Fundamental relationship between war and religion
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Framing concepts in religion
Framing concepts in religion
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Rudolf Otto's notion of religion
Rudolf Otto's notion of religion
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General conclusions about war and religion
General conclusions about war and religion
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Study Notes
Questioning Religion and War
- This chapter explores how faith traditions, particularly Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, relate to war and peace.
- It examines whether religion inherently causes or intensifies war, or if it's a force for peace.
- Various perspectives exist: those against religion view it as inherently warlike, while proponents suggest it can inspire peace or is misunderstood in instances of war.
- The common thread is that war is generally viewed negatively.
Jerusalem as a Case Study
- Considering religion and war in Jerusalem involves considering the complexities of the site's history.
- The Temple Mount and Haram esh-Sharif represent a space contested by multiple religions, each with its own sacred significance and history of conflict and negotiation.
- The structures, such as the Dome of the Rock and the Western Wall, represent important aspects of religious history and belief.
Concepts of Religion
- The concept of the 'holy' (Rudolf Otto) refers to something beyond human experience
- This 'holiness' is powerful and complex, drawing humanity to it while at the same time daunting humanity.
- Sociologist Max Weber defines religion as a system of meaning and symbols central to society's functioning.
Religion and War in Recent History
- The Cold War period (1945-1989) saw a specific tension between two world views, reflected in politics and religion.
- The end of the Cold War saw a change in focus, with some turning to religion or fundamentalist forms of faith as a source of identity.
Does Religion Make for War?
- The debate on whether religion causes or contributes to war is complex and nuanced.
- Proponents may argue that faith's claim on ultimate values justifies war, while others suggest religious people may strive for peace and universal good.
- There is no consensus on the relation between religion and war.
Presuppositions in our Ideas of Religion and War
- The concepts used to think about "religion in general" are often derived from a specific religious tradition.
- Understanding "war" in general terms is also nuanced and varies across time and culture.
- The inherent ambiguity in the meanings of "religion" and "war" when analyzed through a broader lens complicates attempts to draw general conclusions on their relationship.
The Need for a Religious Perspective
- Individuals like Mohamed Atta and Franz Jägerstätter, despite their different paths, illustrate the complex relationship between religion and action/inaction in the contemporary context.
- Their actions highlight the varied human responses to the perceived sacred.
Ambivalence of the Sacred
- The term "ambivalence of the sacred" helps address that religion can be connected with both war and peace.
- This term acknowledges the complex experiences of religious individuals facing such situations.
Conclusion
- There is no single, universally accepted model for understanding religion or war.
- Different religions and individuals within them may interpret the sacred in different ways, leading to both violent and peaceful actions.
- Trying to define "religion in general" often overlooks individual and societal diversity in religious life.
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Description
This quiz delves into the complex relationship between faith traditions and their implications for war and peace, focusing on Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It also uses Jerusalem as a case study to understand the historical conflicts and negotiations among these religions. Gain insights into the various perspectives regarding the role of religion in war and peace.