29 Questions
What is a major limitation of relying on authority as a source of information?
Authorities can be wrong even when they assert their beliefs strongly.
What historical figure faced consequences for challenging the authority of his time about the Earth's position in relation to the sun?
Galileo
Why would someone who has no faith in authority not be reading a research methods book or taking a course from a professor?
Because authorities play a role in providing knowledge and education.
What is emphasized as a continuing theme in the history of science according to the text?
Intellectual freedom from authority dogmas
Which statement best describes logic based on the text provided?
Logic is often crucial in drawing correct conclusions about the world.
What role do government, news media, and books play in influencing beliefs according to the text?
They serve as authorities whose credibility impacts beliefs.
What is the primary difference between technology and science?
Technology aims to make something work, while science aims to understand why it works
Which field would be more interested in the reason why aspirin reduces headaches?
Science
What was the purpose of the automatic governor invented by James Watt?
To control the supply of steam to the engine
In the context of the text, what does 'flooding technique' refer to?
A psychological therapy method involving exposing a person to their fears
Why is it mentioned that often technology is ahead of science?
Because technology focuses on practical applications first
What is one of the criteria for establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between events?
Temporal precedence
In the context of the text, what does co-variation of cause and effect refer to?
When the cause is present, the effect happens
Why is it important for causes to occur before events in establishing causality?
To ensure temporal precedence
What is one of the three criteria that must be met to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between events?
Co-variation of cause and effect
Which term best describes events that occur at the same time, but are not necessarily cause-and-effect related?
Coincidental occurrences
Why does the text mention that co-variation need not be perfect in establishing causality?
To demonstrate probabilistic relationships
According to the theory of obesity mentioned in the text, what is the prediction about overweight people in certain situations?
Overweight people will eat less than average-weight people when they need to make an effort to obtain food.
In the experiment by Richard Nisbett (1968) mentioned in the text, what did participants of average weight tend to do when presented with one sandwich in front of them?
They left food on their plate.
What did overweight people tend to do in the same experiment by Richard Nisbett (1968) when presented with food?
Eat whatever amount of food was available.
Based on the text, what does the theory of obesity suggest about the eating habits of overweight individuals when compared to average-weight individuals?
Overweight individuals tend to eat more regardless of external cues.
In the context of prosocial behavior mentioned in the text, what is a counterintuitive finding related to helping people during an emergency situation?
The more witnesses there are, the less likely someone is to receive help.
In the study by Richard Nisbett (1968), what did participants of average weight tend to do when given three sandwiches in front of them?
Leave food on their plate.
What is the relationship between the arched back of a cat and fighting?
The arched back is correlated with fighting but does not cause it.
In the context of scientific activity, why are the discovery of laws not considered the capstone?
Discovery of laws happens only in the early steps of scientific activity.
How is the discovery of a law related to the description of a sociopathic personality?
Discovery of a law helps in describing sociopathic personalities.
What is the primary goal of science according to the text?
To search for causes of observed events.
Why is discovering the cause of an event compared to a detective story?
Because causes are often complex and require investigation like in a detective story.
How are child abuse and its causes related in scientific investigation?
Scientifically understanding child abuse requires identifying its causes.
Discover the close relationship between science and technology, from their shared presence in society to their distinct goals and methodologies. Explore how technology focuses on making things work, while science aims to understand why things work, illustrated through examples like using aspirin to alleviate headaches.
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