24 Questions
What is the ligament that connects the bladder neck to the pubic bone in females?
Pubovesical ligament
What is the structure that separates the inferolateral surfaces of the bladder from the back of the pubis and obturator internus?
Retro-pubic fat
What is the relation of the superior surface of the bladder in females?
Covered with peritoneum and related to the uterus
What is the function of the muscular coat (detruser muscle) in the urinary bladder wall?
To form the internal urethral sphincter
What is the boundary of the trigone in the urinary bladder?
2 ureteric orifices above and the internal urethral orifice below
What is the source of the superior vesical artery in the urinary bladder?
Proximal part of the obliterated umbilical artery
What is the drainage route of the vesical veins in the urinary bladder?
Internal iliac vein
What is the length of the female urethra?
About 4 cm long
Where is the urinary bladder located at birth?
Abdominal cavity
What is the shape of the urinary bladder?
3-sided pyramid
What is the direction of the superior surface of the urinary bladder?
Upward
What is the relation of the posterior surface of the urinary bladder to the rectum in males?
Separated by the rectovesical fascia
What is the relation of the bladder neck to the prostate gland in males?
Rests on the prostate gland
What is the relation of the posterior surface of the urinary bladder to the cervix and vagina in females?
In direct contact
What is the direction of the apex of the urinary bladder?
Anteriorly
Where do the ureters enter the urinary bladder from?
Superolateral angles
Where does the female urethra begin?
At the neck of the bladder
What is the length of the male urethra?
8 inches
How many parts does the male urethra have?
4
Where does the prostatic urethra enter?
The prostate via its base
What is the narrowest part of the male urethra?
The external urethral meatus
What structure surrounds the membranous urethra?
Pelvic fascia and perineal membrane
What is the fossa terminalis also known as?
Navicularis
What is the name of the glands that open into the penile urethra?
Cowper's glands
Study Notes
Urinary Bladder
- Site: in pelvic cavity in adults, in abdominal cavity at birth and in pelvic-abdominal cavity in children
- Shape: 3-sided pyramid with apex anteriorly, base posteriorly, superior surface upward, and neck inferiorly
- Parts: apex, base, superior surface, neck, and 2 lateral surfaces
- Relations of posterior surface (base): ureters enter from superolateral angles in both sexes
- Relations of posterior surface (base) in male: covered by peritoneum, related to seminal vesicles and ampulla of vas deferens, separated from rectum by rectovesical fascia
- Relations of posterior surface (base) in female: lies in direct contact with anterior walls of cervix and vagina
Ligaments of Urinary Bladder
- Puboprostatic ligament in males
- Pubovesical ligament in females
- Urogenital diaphragm
Interior of Urinary Bladder
- Muscular coat (detrusor muscle) with thickened internal urethral sphincter
- Mucosa with folds (disappear in full bladder) except trigone, which is smooth
- Trigone: triangular area lining base of bladder, bounded by 2 ureteric orifices and internal urethral orifice
Blood Supply, Venous Drainage, and Nerve Supply
- Blood supply: superior vesical artery from proximal part of obliterated umbilical artery and inferior vesical artery (only in males)
- Venous drainage: vesical veins form a plexus on the inferolateral surface of the bladder, draining into internal iliac vein
- Nerve supply: autonomic fibers from inferior hypogastric plexus
Female Urethra
- Length: approximately 4 cm
- Begins at the neck of the bladder, travels a slightly curved course, and ends by opening in the vestibule anterior to the vaginal opening
Male Urethra
- Length: approximately 20 cm
- Extends from internal urethral meatus to external urethral meatus
- Parts: preprostatic urethra, prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, and penile urethra
- Prostatic urethra: 3 cm long, enters the prostate via the center of its base, and leaves the prostate just above its apex
- Membranous urethra: 1 cm long, narrowest part, lies in the deep perineal pouch between pelvic fascia and perineal membrane
- Penile urethra: 15 cm long, traverses the corpus spongiosum of the penis
Sphincter Urethrae and Bulbo-Urethral (Cowper’s) Glands
- Sphincter urethrae: surrounding the membranous urethra
- Bulbo-urethral (Cowper’s) glands: surrounding the penile urethra, ducts pierce the perineal membrane to open into the penile urethra
This quiz covers the anatomical relationships of the urinary bladder, including its connections to the pubic bone and surrounding structures in both males and females.
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