Relational Database Fundamentals

A relational database is a type of DBMS that organizes data into one or more tables, where the data is stored in rows and columns. Each table represents a different entity or type of data, and the columns within the table represent the various attributes or fields of that entity.

Keys are used to define relationships between tables, allowing data to be associated across multiple tables.

One-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many.

To ensure that the data stored in the database is consistent, accurate, and free from duplicates or contradictions.

A tabular data structure is a way of organizing data into tables, with rows (records) and columns (fields). It is used to store and organize data in relational databases.

It allows for the seamless integration and retrieval of data across multiple tables.

Structured Query Language (SQL)

Reduces data redundancy and ensures data integrity

Reliability and integrity of data transactions

Provides a centralized, scalable, and reliable data infrastructure

Acts as a centralized repository for an organization's data, allowing for the integration of data from various sources

Allows businesses to accommodate growing data needs and ensure efficient data retrieval and processing

Through the use of constraints, such as primary keys, foreign keys, and referential integrity rules

Provides a structured and organized way to store and access data

A powerful and versatile set of commands and functions for data manipulation and retrieval

Allows analysts to understand the structure and relationships of the data, leading to more effective analytical insights

Relational databases integrate with various BI tools, such as data visualization software, reporting platforms, and analytics applications, enabling business analysts to extract, transform, and analyze data for data-driven decision-making.

Relational databases offer advanced features for data governance, including access control, user permissions, and audit logging.

The primary purpose of the relational database model is to provide a structured and organized way to store and manage data.

Tables in a relational database are similar to spreadsheets or Excel worksheets, where data is stored, and each table represents a specific entity or object within the database.

A primary key is a column or a combination of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a table.

Foreign keys establish relationships between tables, allowing data to be linked and connected across the database.

The selection and management of data types and data structures are crucial for ensuring data integrity, optimizing database performance, and facilitating effective business analytics.

Relational databases typically support a wide range of data types, including numeric types, character types, date and time types, etc.

Relational databases support the integration of data from different sources through the use of foreign keys, which establish relationships between tables.

Data integrity is crucial in relational databases as it ensures that the data is accurate, consistent, and reliable, which is essential for effective business analytics and decision-making.

to efficiently retrieve, update, and delete data

ensuring that a series of operations are completed as a single unit, even in the event of system failures or errors

through mechanisms like locking and isolation levels, to prevent data corruption and inconsistencies

to establish and enforce relationships between data entities, such as one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationships

user authentication, access control, and auditing

to ensure the availability and recoverability of data in the event of system failures or errors

To improve the performance of data retrieval by creating a sorted list of values and their corresponding row locations.

By deriving from one or more underlying tables, allowing users to access and manipulate data as if it were a table.

They improve efficiency and maintainability by encapsulating complex logic, calculations, or data manipulation tasks.

They play a crucial role in organizing and managing data, and are essential for maintaining data integrity, enabling efficient data retrieval, and supporting complex business logic.

A single record in one table is associated with a single record in another table.

In a one-to-one relationship, a single record is associated with a single record, while in a one-to-many relationship, a single record can be associated with multiple records.

The primary key in the parent table represents the 'one' side of the relationship, while the foreign key in the child table represents the 'many' side.

They provide a tabular representation of data, allowing for easy storage and management of related data entities.

Through the use of relationships between tables, stored procedures and functions, and views, which enable data integration and support complex queries.

It ensures that the data is organized, consistent, and easily accessible for business analytics and decision-making.

To create a well-structured database that is efficient, scalable, and maintainable.

To store the relationships between the related tables, containing the primary keys from both tables.

Each column contains a single value, eliminating repeating groups or arrays within a single column.

It prevents inconsistencies and data integrity issues.

To improve query performance or address specific business requirements.

Organizing data into tables, where data is stored in rows and columns.

To ensure that every determinant (a set of attributes that uniquely identifies a row) be a candidate key.

It improves data security and privacy by providing better control over data access and permissions.

To create a more manageable and efficient database structure.

It allows for changes to the data structure with minimal impact on the existing data and applications.