Related Literature and Studies

Related Literature

• This consists of facts and principles related to a study, theories, concepts, and generally held notions that form the basis of assumptions
• Materials can be found in various printed sources like books, encyclopedias, journals and newspapers
• Professional journals should be pre-reviewed with rigorous evaluation processes to ensure validity and reliability
• The related literature emphasizes the theories and concepts that are important to the area of investigation

Local vs. Foreign Literature

• Classified based on the place of publication; "local" refers to materials printed in the Philippines and "foreign" refers to those from other countries

Related Studies

• Encompasses studies, inquiries, and investigations with relevance or similarity to the current study
• Used to validate research topics, provide support, and broaden perspectives by considering both supporting and opposing viewpoints

Importance, Purposes, and Functions of Related Literature and Studies

• Serves as the foundation for the proposed study, guiding researchers in their pursuit
• Helps researchers to refine their research problem or topic, potentially leading to the selection of a better research problem
• Involves replication or parallel studies conducted in different communities or locales
• Provides a deeper understanding of the research topic, broadening knowledge and clarifying uncertainties
• Ensures no duplication of other studies by identifying past researches and allowing for adjustments in locale or methods
• Facilitates the location of more sources via the bibliography of already conducted studies, directing to relevant references
• Assists in making research design, formulating questions, assumptions, and hypotheses, and guiding conceptual framework
• Enables comparison of findings with those of other researchers on similar studies to formulate generalizations

Backward Reference Searching

• Also known as chain searching
• Identifies and examines references cited in an article to enrich interpretation and discover the development of knowledge on the topic
• Can help to identify experts, institutions, or organizations specializing in the field

Forward Reference Searching

• Identifies articles that cite an original article after its publication
• Helps expand knowledge by locating follow-up studies, identifying new findings, and examining different methodologies

Characteristics of Related Literature and Studies

• Materials should be recent to account for scientific, economic, and technological changes, with exceptions for universals, natural/physical laws, or historical comparisons
• Materials reviewed must be objective and unbiased, maintaining impartiality and avoiding personal judgments or opinions that lead to distorted generalizations
• Relevant to the study, bearing similarity or relation to the research problem
• Based on genuinely original and true data to ensure validity and reliability, maintaining ethical standards and avoiding fabricated data
• The number of reviewed materials should be appropriate (not too few, not too many)

Sources of Related Literature and Studies

• Books, encyclopedias, almanacs, and similar references
• Articles in professional journals, magazines, periodicals and newspapers
• Manuscripts, monographs, memoirs, speeches, letters, and diaries
• Unpublished theses and dissertations
• Constitutions, laws, and statutes
• Bulletins, circulars, and orders from government offices
• Records of schools
• Reports from seminars
• Official reports of all kinds

Credible RRL Websites

• Google Scholar
• ERIC
• DOAJ
• Google Books
• Research Gate
• Mendeley
• JSTOR
• ScienceDirect

Paraphrasing

• Rewriting a source's information in one's own words to demonstrate understanding and avoid plagiarism, while maintaining the source's original intent
• Essential to present sound arguments and thesis statements
• Plagiarism detection software can be used to verify the authenticity of the work

Conceptual Framework

• It guides the researcher and clarify the direction of the research
• A theoretical scheme provides a tentative explanation of examined problem
• Focuses on independent and dependent variables and assumptions to be investigated
• The investigator's position, new model, illustrates the relationship between independent and dependent variables
• Serves as a guide like in a paradigm, for conducting the investigation and reflecting key variables
• Paradigm-a diagrammatic representation of a conceptual framework
• Synthesis summarises findings and their impact

Conceptual Framework Forms

• Flowcharts
• Tree Diagrams
• Shape-based diagrams
• Triangles
• Concentric Circles
• Overlapping Circles
• Mind Maps
• Software Systems
• "Flow chart" of innovation
• utilizes independent-dependent model from behavioural sciences
• Independent variables (family, community, teachers, learning environment) will affect pupils behaviour in a public school setting
• Dependent variables including (Internalizing {Inattentive, Uncooperative, Inactive} and Externalizing {Aggression, Disobedience, Impulsiveness} behaviours )

Theoretical Framework

• Theories are statements explaining behaviour
• Good theory will generate predictions
• Construct to relate, predict and master relationships and events
• Consist of interrelated ideas like an house frame supporting foundation
• Provides a rationale for relationships, describes variable interaction, and links studies together.
• States central concepts integral to study and connecting to theory