Research Methods and Literature Reviews
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Questions and Answers

What does validity refer to in research methods?

  • The amount of data collected during the research.
  • The method's ability to accurately measure what it is intended to measure. (correct)
  • The method's ability to produce results consistently.
  • The study's potential for high impact.

External validity assesses whether study findings can be generalized to other contexts.

True (A)

What is the main purpose of a Systematic Literature Review?

To identify, evaluate, and synthesize research findings.

A research gap is a question or a problem that has not been answered by any existing _________ in the field.

<p>studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their definitions:

<p>Validity = Accuracy of a measurement method Research Gap = An unanswered question in existing studies Systematic Literature Review = Summarizing current research findings Digital Marketing = Building customer relationships through online activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method can be utilized to identify research gaps?

<p>Citation analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Digital marketing has become less important for organizations in recent years.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some reasons people go online that contributes to the growth of digital marketing?

<p>To find information, attend meetings, network, or look for jobs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key element in writing a good research question?

<p>It should be clear and specific. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A conceptual framework should always be included in a research paper.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a critical literature review?

<p>To evaluate what has already been done in the field and identify gaps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ method involves defining keywords, searching, and refining the search results during article searches.

<p>iterative</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of a research paper introduction with their descriptions:

<p>Research questions = Identify knowledge gaps Aims of research = Outline contributions and limitations General background = Provide context for the study Specific background = Detail important previous work</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Cronbach's alpha measure?

<p>Consistency of a set of items. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Research contributions can only be theoretical.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use a reference manager like Mendeley or EndNote?

<p>To organize and manage citations efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Public Value Theory?

<p>Enhancing effective public services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Assimilation depth of AI-enabled services negatively influences operational public service for citizens.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method was used for gathering data regarding public service and technology assimilation?

<p>Survey questionnaire</p> Signup and view all the answers

A significant concern when implementing AI technology in public services is the role of __________ factors.

<p>risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts to their appropriate descriptions:

<p>Assimilation Depth = Refers to the extent of integration of AI-enabled services Operational Public Service = Direct services provided to citizens Strategic Public Service = Long-term services aimed at improving community wellbeing Citizen Satisfaction = Perceived quality of public services by citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis states that operational public service positively influences strategic public service for citizens?

<p>Hypothesis 5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main survey was conducted among private agencies in India.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What scale was used in the survey to measure responses?

<p>5-point Likert Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Privacy Calculus Theory (PCT) suggest about consumer behavior?

<p>Consumers weigh privacy risks against benefits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anthropomorphism can negatively impact consumer engagement with AI.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do high privacy concerns have on consumers' willingness to share information?

<p>It negatively impacts their willingness to share information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The integration of PCT and __________ is proposed to examine interactions with AI-based digital assistants.

<p>anthropomorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research proposition suggests that personalization affects consumers' intentions to disclose information?

<p>RP5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following outcomes with their related variables:

<p>Anthropomorphism = Increases willingness to disclose information High privacy concerns = Decreases willingness to share Personalization = Improves user experience Uncanny valley effect = Causes discomfort in engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

The proposed model assumes that consumers do not seek control over their private information.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the assumed effect of anthropomorphism on consumers' attitudes towards digital assistants?

<p>It positively affects their attitudes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key activity in the process of digital servitization?

<p>Encouraging companies to develop digital services in small, quick cycles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A business model should remain static and not be critically regarded over time.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a business model?

<p>To generate or secure competitive advantage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ___________ model suggests that a low-cost product is sold along with a paired consumable good that generates the profits.

<p>razor-razor blade</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following business model components with their descriptions:

<p>Strategic components = Defines the overarching plan to create value Revenue model = Describes how the company will generate income Customer model = Focuses on the identification of customer segments Value creation components = Illustrates how value is delivered to customers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of a business model?

<p>Operational costs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increasing multirole participation in digital servitization involves only the IT department.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach should companies follow for digital service development?

<p>Micro-service innovation approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The razor-razor blade model involves selling a dependent good at a high price.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What framework emphasizes system-level design over partial optimization in business model design?

<p>Activity system design framework</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ model focuses on financing and capital structure within a business model.

<p>financial</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following design themes with their descriptions:

<p>Novelty = Adopting innovative content or governance Efficiency = Reorganizing activities to reduce transaction costs Complementarities = Bundling activities to generate more value Retention = Building elements to retain business model stakeholders</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which business model component is primarily focused on the streams of income generated by a company?

<p>Revenue model (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Levitt's assertion states that there are distinct service industries that do not overlap with product industries.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'servitization' refer to?

<p>The emphasis on service components in industries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Critical Literature Review

The process of identifying and evaluating research that is relevant to your own research project.

Research Question

A statement that summarizes the main research question(s) of your study.

Conceptual Framework

A conceptual framework helps to visually represent the relationships between concepts, constructs, and variables in your study.

Cronbach's Alpha

A measure of internal consistency, indicating how closely related a set of items are as a group. A higher Cronbach's alpha signifies greater reliability.

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Good Research Question

A clear, concise, and researchable question that aims to contribute to knowledge by addressing a specific gap in the existing research.

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Article Search Strategy

The process of identifying, selecting, and organizing research articles and other sources relevant to your study.

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Paper Introduction

The initial part of a research paper that sets the stage for the research, introducing the topic, outlining the problem, and stating the research questions and objectives.

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Research Aims

The section of the paper where you clearly explain the rationale, purpose, contribution, and potential limitations of your research project.

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Validity

The extent to which a method accurately measures what it's designed to measure.

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External Validity

Examines whether the results of a study can be applied to other situations or groups of people.

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Internal Validity

Focuses on how accurately the items within a study measure the intended concept.

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Systematic Literature Review (SLR)

A comprehensive review of existing research on a specific topic, aiming to synthesize information and identify research gaps.

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Research Gap

A question or issue that has not been addressed by existing research in a field.

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Citation Analysis

A method for identifying research gaps by analyzing the citations in research papers, particularly in introduction, discussion, and future research sections.

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Digital Marketing

The process of using online activities to build and maintain customer relationships, facilitating the exchange of ideas, products, and services to benefit both parties.

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Risks in Digital Marketing

The potential for mistakes or challenges in digital marketing, emphasizing the importance of building strong and trustworthy relationships.

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Dynamic Business Model Perspective

A business model is constantly evolving and should be assessed dynamically, considering the need for innovation due to internal or external changes.

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Revenue Model

A business model component that defines how a company generates revenue, including revenue streams and revenue differentiation strategies.

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Manufacturing Model

A business model component that describes how a product or service is manufactured, including the manufacturing processes and value generation methods.

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Servitization

Developing a business model that combines products and services to offer a comprehensive customer experience, often involving more than just selling a physical product.

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Business Model Canvas

A business model framework that provides structure and guidance for designing a company's value creation, delivery, and capture processes.

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Design Structure

An essential component of the Activity System Design framework that focuses on designing how to link and sequence different activities within a business model.

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Novelty

A key element of business model design that emphasizes the creation of innovative content, structure, or governance.

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Complementarities

A business model design theme that focuses on bundling activities to create greater value for customers, often by offering combined products or services.

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Public Value Theory

The idea that effective public services should prioritize citizen satisfaction and minimize costs.

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Technology Assimilation

The process of incorporating technology into an organization's operations and strategies to improve performance.

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Conceptual Model

A model that explains how AI technology can be used by government agencies to improve public service quality and citizen satisfaction.

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Assimilation Depth

The extent to which AI-enabled services are integrated into the core operations of a government agency.

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Assimilation Breadth

The range and variety of AI-enabled services offered by a government agency.

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Operational Public Service

Public services that directly contribute to the efficiency and effectiveness of government operations.

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Strategic Public Service

Public services that focus on long-term goals and strategic initiatives for citizens.

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Citizen Satisfaction

The level of satisfaction that citizens have with government services.

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Privacy Calculus Theory (PCT)

A theory that explains how consumers make decisions about sharing their personal information by weighing the benefits they receive against the potential risks to their privacy.

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Anthropomorphism in AI

The tendency to attribute human-like qualities or characteristics to artificial intelligence (AI).

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Uncanny Valley

The feeling of discomfort or unease when something appears to be almost human, but not quite.

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Privacy Concerns

The degree to which someone is concerned about the collection and use of their personal data.

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Personalization in AI

The customization of content or experiences based on a user's individual preferences or past behavior.

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Research Proposition 1 (RP1)

A research proposition that predicts a positive relationship between anthropomorphic AI and consumers' willingness to disclose information.

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Research Proposition 2 (RP2)

A research proposition that suggests a positive relationship between anthropomorphic AI and consumer attitudes towards digital assistants.

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Research Proposition 3 (RP3)

A research proposition that proposes a negative relationship between privacy concerns and consumers' willingness to share information.

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What is a business model?

A business model is a simplified representation of a company's activities, outlining how it generates products or services through its value-added components. It integrates strategic, customer, and market aspects to achieve competitive advantage.

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Explain the Razor-Razor Blade Model

The Razor-Razor Blade model is a business model where a base product (e.g., a razor) is sold at a low price, while the essential consumables (e.g., razor blades) generate the profits.

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What are the Strategic Components of a Business Model?

The Strategic Components of a business model are those aspects that help guide a company's overall direction and long-term success. Examples include the strategy model, resource model, and network model.

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What are the Customer & Market Components of a Business Model?

The Customer & Market Components of a business model focus on the customer and market dynamics. Examples include the customer model, market offer model, and revenue model.

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Why is a Business Model dynamic?

A business model is a dynamic concept, meaning that it needs to evolve to stay relevant. Companies should continuously evaluate their models and consider innovations based on internal and external changes.

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What are the Value Creation Components of a Business Model?

The Value Creation Components of a business model define how the company actually makes its products or services. These components include manufacturing, procurement, and financial models.

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What is the purpose of the Customer Model?

The Customer Model is a component that outlines how a company interacts with its customer base, including segmentation, acquisition, and retention strategies.

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What is the purpose of the Market Offer Model

The Market Offer Model defines the specific products or services that a company offers, considering factors like pricing, features, and target audience.

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Study Notes

Table of Contents

  • Lecture notes, page numbers
  • Paper summaries, page numbers
  • Article summaries, page numbers

Lecture Notes - Lecture 1

  • Scientific contribution: A gap in the literature exists, with inconsistencies among studies. Challenges arise from social developments and business practices, requiring further understanding.
  • Social science: Focuses on human behaviors, encompassing various fields like psychology, sociology, economics, and management/marketing. Social sciences often lack precise "universal" answers.
  • Scientific research method: Includes a body of scientific laws and theories explaining phenomena, drawing on logic and empirical evidence. Data collection and interpretation is systematic.
  • Research paper structure: Features an abstract, introduction, theory/conceptual framework, research design, results, discussion, conclusions and limitations, and future avenues.
  • Research paper elements: Addressing significance, novelty, curiosity, scope, and actionability.

Lecture Notes - Lecture 2

  • Value-in-use: Providing utility or solving a problem, context-dependent and subjectively perceived by the customer.
  • Value co-creation: Complex and dynamic process, involving dealing with uncertainty and highlighting subjectivity, complexity, and chaos.
  • Value co-creation aims: Firms and individuals must strategically manage value co-creation, especially in entrepreneurial and innovative settings.
  • Managing value co-creation: Agile and Design Thinking are iterative approaches emphasizing incremental development, human-centered problem solving, encompassing empathy, creativity, iteration, and project management frameworks like scrum (for software development) and lean startup (for business model innovation).

Lecture Notes - Lecture 3

  • Elements of a theory: Concepts, constructs, and variables, as well as their relationship and boundaries. Commonalities exist in marketing journals in terms of sections used such as theory development, theoretical/conceptual framework, and literature review. Different types of variables are crucial, for instance, independent and dependent variables.
  • Types of variables: Independent variables explain other variables. Dependent variables are those being explained. Moderators change the relationship between two variables; they may change the strength or direction of that relationship.

Lecture Notes - Lecture 4

  • Possible exam questions: This section covers questions centered around the concept of research and its process, including Cronbach's alpha, validity, systematic literature reviews, research gaps, and strategies to find them. The process of designing a good research question is also discussed, as well as the different types of research.
  • Research methods: Types like exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory research, with specific examples of deductive research, and inductive research processes.
  • Plagiarism: Ethical concerns, including the concepts of informed consent, anonymity, and confidentiality, are addressed.

Lecture Notes - Lecture 5

  • Business models: Definition of the term and its importance for existing and new businesses. Business model components: strategic, customer & market, and value creation components.

Lecture Notes - Lecture 6

  • Constructs/variables influencing social media use: Specific examples of social media use like YouTube are discussed and the elements of research papers, including objectives, unit of analysis, validation, and screening, are reviewed. Models, and structures, including independent and dependent variables, moderators, and mediators are explored in detail.

Lecture Notes - Lecture 7

  • Difference between methodology and methods: Methodology is the overall approach, strategy, or justification for research, while methods are specific tools used to conduct research.
  • Research design: Framework for research, encompassing sampling processes, measurement, and data collection. The importance of a developed research design to minimize bias and increase confidence in the results is emphasized.
  • Various types of research are discussed, including cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs.

Article Summaries - Article 1

  • Lean Startup: Operationalizing- This article introduces the concept of Lean Startup (LS), emphasizing its iterative experimentation approach. It differentiates LS from design thinking, agile development, or scaling.

Article Summaries - Article 2

  • Agile co-creation process: This article emphasizes the importance of agile co-creation processes in digitalization, addressing the digitalization paradox. The study examines how firms can effectively use agile methodologies to co-create value in digital-centric projects.

Article Summaries - Article 3

  • Business models: Discusses business models, their definitions, structure, and components for business success, and presents the framework of activity systems design, including content, structure, and persons, and highlighting novel themes for business models.

Article Summaries - Article 4

  • Harnessing the potential of AI: This paper investigates how AI-enabled government services affect citizen satisfaction and identifies factors influencing AI in different governmental sectors.

Article Summaries - Article 5

  • Impact of online vs. offline acculturation: This article examines the influence of online acculturation, particularly language use, friendship orientations, and education level on consumer behavior and purchase intentions.

Article Summaries - Article 6

  • How AI encourages consumers to share secrets: This paper examines the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) in encouraging consumer interaction, and disclosure of personal data, using the framework of the personalization-privacy paradox and privacy calculus theory.

Article Summaries - Article 7

  • Effective marketing communication: This article examines how interactive advertising and social ties affect consumers in social media, and it uses social networks, tie strength, and advertising literacy in a theoretical framework.

Paper Summaries

  • Paper summaries provided (with page numbers) provide detailed summaries of each paper.

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Description

This quiz evaluates your understanding of key concepts in research methods, including validity, systematic literature reviews, and identifying research gaps. It also explores the elements of a research paper and the significance of digital marketing in today's context.

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