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Questions and Answers
Which type of reinforcer involves giving a pleasant stimulus upon the execution of a desired behavior?
Which type of reinforcer involves giving a pleasant stimulus upon the execution of a desired behavior?
What is the primary purpose of a reinforcer?
What is the primary purpose of a reinforcer?
Which type of reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus following the execution of a desired behavior?
Which type of reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus following the execution of a desired behavior?
In which type of reinforcement does a pleasant stimulus get added upon executing a desired behavior?
In which type of reinforcement does a pleasant stimulus get added upon executing a desired behavior?
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What is the ultimate outcome of using either positive or negative reinforcement?
What is the ultimate outcome of using either positive or negative reinforcement?
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In escape conditioning, what type of behavior is continued or increased over time to stop existing and unpleasant stimuli?
In escape conditioning, what type of behavior is continued or increased over time to stop existing and unpleasant stimuli?
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Which type of negative reinforcement involves learning to do something to avoid a future aversive stimulus?
Which type of negative reinforcement involves learning to do something to avoid a future aversive stimulus?
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What is the stimulus that is unpleasant and removed upon the execution of a desired behavior?
What is the stimulus that is unpleasant and removed upon the execution of a desired behavior?
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What type of negative reinforcement involves removing the expectation that a child will take their younger sibling along to an event because they were kind to their sibling?
What type of negative reinforcement involves removing the expectation that a child will take their younger sibling along to an event because they were kind to their sibling?
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In negative reinforcement, what is being removed upon the condition of displaying the desired behavior?
In negative reinforcement, what is being removed upon the condition of displaying the desired behavior?
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What is the primary purpose of punishment in behavior modification?
What is the primary purpose of punishment in behavior modification?
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Which type of punishment involves adding an unpleasant stimulus upon the execution of an undesired behavior?
Which type of punishment involves adding an unpleasant stimulus upon the execution of an undesired behavior?
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What is an example of Type II punishment (Negative punishment)?
What is an example of Type II punishment (Negative punishment)?
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Which statement best describes Type I punishment (Positive punishment)?
Which statement best describes Type I punishment (Positive punishment)?
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In behavior modification, what is the primary goal of Type II punishment (Negative punishment)?
In behavior modification, what is the primary goal of Type II punishment (Negative punishment)?
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What is the role of a primary punisher according to the text?
What is the role of a primary punisher according to the text?
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What is the concept of shaping/successive approximations according to the text?
What is the concept of shaping/successive approximations according to the text?
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What is the role of a secondary/conditioned punisher according to the text?
What is the role of a secondary/conditioned punisher according to the text?
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What is the primary purpose of shaping or successive approximations as mentioned in the text?
What is the primary purpose of shaping or successive approximations as mentioned in the text?
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What is the idea behind escape conditioning?
What is the idea behind escape conditioning?
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Study Notes
Reinforcement Types
- Positive reinforcement involves presenting a pleasant stimulus after executing a desired behavior to increase its occurrence.
- The primary purpose of a reinforcer is to strengthen behavior by providing a consequence that promotes recurrence.
- Negative reinforcement involves the removal of an aversive stimulus following the desired behavior to encourage its repetition.
- Positive reinforcement adds a pleasant stimulus when the desired behavior is exhibited.
Outcomes of Reinforcement
- The ultimate outcome of employing positive or negative reinforcement is increased likelihood of desired behaviors being repeated.
- In escape conditioning, behaviors that terminate existing unpleasant stimuli are reinforced and tend to continue over time.
Specific Reinforcement Types
- Avoidance conditioning is a form of negative reinforcement where the behavior is learned to prevent future aversive stimuli.
- An unpleasant stimulus removed upon the execution of a desired behavior is known as the aversive stimulus.
Negative Reinforcement Scenario
- Removing the expectation that a child will take their younger sibling along to an event serves as an example of negative reinforcement.
Behavioral Principles
- In negative reinforcement, the removal of unpleasant stimuli corresponds with the display of desired behavior, encouraging more of that behavior.
- The primary purpose of punishment in behavior modification is to decrease the likelihood of undesired behaviors.
Types of Punishment
- Type I punishment, or positive punishment, adds an unpleasant stimulus following undesired behavior to deter its recurrence.
- Type II punishment, or negative punishment, involves removing a pleasant stimulus as a consequence for undesired behavior.
Understanding Punishment Types
- Type I punishment is characterized by an unpleasant stimulus being introduced after negative behavior occurs.
- The primary goal of Type II punishment is to reduce undesirable behavior by withdrawing positive stimuli.
Role of Punishers
- A primary punisher is an inherently unpleasant stimulus that naturally decreases behavior.
- A secondary or conditioned punisher gains its effect through association with a primary punisher, enhancing its efficacy.
Shaping Behavior
- Shaping, or successive approximations, refers to gradually reinforcing behaviors that are closer to the desired outcome.
- The primary purpose of shaping is to facilitate the learning of complex behaviors by breaking them into manageable steps.
Concept of Escape Conditioning
- Escape conditioning centers on learning behaviors to avoid or escape from aversive conditions, reinforcing the behavior that leads to relief from discomfort.
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Description
Test your knowledge on reinforcers, the stimuli/events that increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring. Understand the concept of reinforcement as a tool to shape behavior through conditioning, and distinguish between positive and negative reinforcement.
