Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does active range of motion (ROM) primarily involve?
Which of the following best describes muscle endurance?
What is the focus of rehabilitation according to the content provided?
Which of the following assumes that some impairments cannot be fully remediated?
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In the context of joint stability, what aspect should be intact for proper control?
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What is primarily focused on during the early stages of learning in occupational therapy?
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Which of the following describes a closed task in occupational therapy?
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What is a primary assumption of the theoretical base concerning children's engagement in meaningful activities?
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What factor is crucial for the improvement of a child's motor skill acquisition according to directional postulates?
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Which of the following is part of the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in movement?
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Study Notes
Rehabilitation
- Focuses on the treatment of abilities (what the client currently has / what is left despite the disability)
- Emphasizes teaching patients to compensate for underlying deficits that cannot be remediated
- Relies on the philosophy of rehabilitation
- Utilizes compensation strategies and techniques to restore an individual's independence
- Involves a teaching-learning process and relies on clinical reasoning
Herman Kabat
- Utilized a neurophysiological mechanism including reflexes and neuromuscular responses
Motor Control
- The ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement
- Theories describe how movement is controlled
Motor Learning
- A set of processes associated with practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes in the capability for skilled movement
Function-Dysfunction
- Movement patterns are a consequence of the dynamics that occur between a person with specific abilities and limitations
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Closed tasks are those in which the environment is stationary during task performance
- Variability in the environment could be less or more
- Function: performs necessary tasks within the closed environment
- Dysfunction: unable to perform/difficulty performing a task within a closed environment
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Open tasks are those in which the environment is in motion and includes intertrial variability
- Function: performs necessary tasks within the open environment
- Dysfunction: unable to perform/difficulty performing a task within an open environment
Postulates of Change
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General Postulate focuses on the early and late stages of learning
- Early stages of learning: OT focuses feedback on movement outcome and environment to improve skill acquisition
- Late stages of learning: OT summarizes feedback and provides tasks that require performance
Directional Postulates
- A child's motor skill acquisition will improve if there is a match among the task requirements, environmental demands, and the child's abilities
- The child should be able to perform closed motor tasks prior to performing open motor tasks
Specific Postulates
- Occupational therapists encourage the child to self-evaluate their movements for them to improve motor skill performance
- OT provides randomized practice of tasks in situations in which they typically occur
- OT provides open tasks with variability and unpredictability during practice
Impact of Individual Perception on Occupational Performance
- Occupational performance is a dynamic and complex phenomenon
- Influenced by the interactions that take place between the individual, their surroundings, and the occupation in which the person engages.
- Person -Environment-Occupation Fit - there are three major components (person, environment and occupation) that interact continuously across time and space in ways that makes them more or less congruent
PEOP Model Components
- Person, environment, and occupation constantly interact throughout time and space
- Their degree of alignment influences the overall effectiveness and efficiency of occupational performance
- The closer these three elements "fit" or align, the more optimal the occupational performance will be.
Person (Intrinsic Factors)
- Well-being - physiological , cognitive, spiritual, neuro-behavioral, and psychological
Environment (Extrinsic Factors)
- Quality of life - social support, social & economic systems, culture & values, built environment, and technology.
Conditional Positive Regard
- Approval, love, or acceptance granted only when a person expresses desirable behaviors and attitudes.
Ideal Self
- A person’s dynamic ambitions and goals.
Conditions of worth
- A belief that a person is worthy of approval only when they express desirable behaviors and attitudes and refrain from expressing those that brings disapproval from others.
Fully-functioning person
- The capability to operate their valuing processes fully; people would begin to experience self-movement and growth.
Formative Tendency
- A tendency for all matter, both organic and inorganic, to evolve from simpler to more complex forms.
Actualizing Tendency
- To move toward completion or fulfillment of potential.
Two Tendencies to maintain and enhance the organism:
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Maintenance
- Includes basic needs
- Includes a tendency to resist change and to seek status quo
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Enhancement
- Strong desire to learn
- Willingness to change
Types of Client-Centered Model of Care
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Type 1: Led by client
- A therapist-client relationship in which the client is the one that determines the objectives and decides how the treatment should go.
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Type 2: Led by interaction
- Has three concepts that enable us to understand this type which are respect, power, and negotiation.
Respect
- Respect their opinions, choices, and values but as a therapist, one must also realize their capabilities, needs and limitations especially if it will cause harm to the client.
Power
- Ability to persuade and to obtain influence
- To have shared power with the client.
Negotiation
- Establishing a bond with the other person, in an atmosphere where listening is as important as expressing your views.
Postulates of Change
- The therapist participates in active listening, paying attention, and deeply understanding the client's feelings, thoughts, and experiences.
- Increased client's motivation which can lead to active participation in therapy.
- Improved client's performance, skills, and sense of autonomy aligned with client's goals.
- Stronger therapist-client relationship that is built on trust and collaboration.
Application To Practice
- Employs a client-centered approach to enhance daily functioning and overall well-being, utilizing comprehensive evaluations and assessments to tailor therapy to individual needs.
Personal Reflection
- Reflective practice
- Journaling
- Feedback
Client-Centered Processes
- Structured evaluation tools
- Conducting studies such as semi-structured interviews
- Reviewing documentation
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts in rehabilitation, focusing on the treatment of abilities and teaching compensation strategies for individuals with disabilities. It covers motor control and learning theories, as well as insights from Herman Kabat on neuromuscular responses. Test your understanding of these important topics in restoring independence and movement efficiency.
