Rehabilitation and Motor Control Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What does active range of motion (ROM) primarily involve?

  • Assessing joint stability
  • Involuntary muscle contraction
  • Using an external force to assist movement
  • Independently moving a joint through its range (correct)
  • Which of the following best describes muscle endurance?

  • The power of muscle to create motion
  • The strength to resist external forces
  • The ability to sustain muscle activity over time (correct)
  • The ability to quickly contract muscles
  • What is the focus of rehabilitation according to the content provided?

  • Maximizing remaining abilities despite disabilities (correct)
  • Addressing issues of laziness in practice
  • Enhancing muscle strength exclusively
  • Complete restoration of lost capabilities
  • Which of the following assumes that some impairments cannot be fully remediated?

    <p>Rehabilitative therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of joint stability, what aspect should be intact for proper control?

    <p>The joint itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily focused on during the early stages of learning in occupational therapy?

    <p>Feedback on movement outcome and environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a closed task in occupational therapy?

    <p>Tasks performed with stationary environmental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary assumption of the theoretical base concerning children's engagement in meaningful activities?

    <p>Children's behaviors can organize around meaningful activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is crucial for the improvement of a child's motor skill acquisition according to directional postulates?

    <p>Match among task requirements, environment, and abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is part of the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in movement?

    <p>Neuromuscular responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Rehabilitation

    • Focuses on the treatment of abilities (what the client currently has / what is left despite the disability)
    • Emphasizes teaching patients to compensate for underlying deficits that cannot be remediated
    • Relies on the philosophy of rehabilitation
    • Utilizes compensation strategies and techniques to restore an individual's independence
    • Involves a teaching-learning process and relies on clinical reasoning

    Herman Kabat

    • Utilized a neurophysiological mechanism including reflexes and neuromuscular responses

    Motor Control

    • The ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement
    • Theories describe how movement is controlled

    Motor Learning

    • A set of processes associated with practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes in the capability for skilled movement

    Function-Dysfunction

    • Movement patterns are a consequence of the dynamics that occur between a person with specific abilities and limitations
    • Closed tasks are those in which the environment is stationary during task performance
      • Variability in the environment could be less or more
      • Function: performs necessary tasks within the closed environment
      • Dysfunction: unable to perform/difficulty performing a task within a closed environment
    • Open tasks are those in which the environment is in motion and includes intertrial variability
      • Function: performs necessary tasks within the open environment
      • Dysfunction: unable to perform/difficulty performing a task within an open environment

    Postulates of Change

    • General Postulate focuses on the early and late stages of learning
      • Early stages of learning: OT focuses feedback on movement outcome and environment to improve skill acquisition
      • Late stages of learning: OT summarizes feedback and provides tasks that require performance

    Directional Postulates

    • A child's motor skill acquisition will improve if there is a match among the task requirements, environmental demands, and the child's abilities
    • The child should be able to perform closed motor tasks prior to performing open motor tasks

    Specific Postulates

    • Occupational therapists encourage the child to self-evaluate their movements for them to improve motor skill performance
    • OT provides randomized practice of tasks in situations in which they typically occur
    • OT provides open tasks with variability and unpredictability during practice

    Impact of Individual Perception on Occupational Performance

    • Occupational performance is a dynamic and complex phenomenon
    • Influenced by the interactions that take place between the individual, their surroundings, and the occupation in which the person engages.
    • Person -Environment-Occupation Fit - there are three major components (person, environment and occupation) that interact continuously across time and space in ways that makes them more or less congruent

    PEOP Model Components

    • Person, environment, and occupation constantly interact throughout time and space
    • Their degree of alignment influences the overall effectiveness and efficiency of occupational performance
    • The closer these three elements "fit" or align, the more optimal the occupational performance will be.

    Person (Intrinsic Factors)

    • Well-being - physiological , cognitive, spiritual, neuro-behavioral, and psychological

    Environment (Extrinsic Factors)

    • Quality of life - social support, social & economic systems, culture & values, built environment, and technology.

    Conditional Positive Regard

    • Approval, love, or acceptance granted only when a person expresses desirable behaviors and attitudes.

    Ideal Self

    • A person’s dynamic ambitions and goals.

    Conditions of worth

    • A belief that a person is worthy of approval only when they express desirable behaviors and attitudes and refrain from expressing those that brings disapproval from others.

    Fully-functioning person

    • The capability to operate their valuing processes fully; people would begin to experience self-movement and growth.

    Formative Tendency

    • A tendency for all matter, both organic and inorganic, to evolve from simpler to more complex forms.

    Actualizing Tendency

    • To move toward completion or fulfillment of potential.

    Two Tendencies to maintain and enhance the organism:

    • Maintenance
      • Includes basic needs
      • Includes a tendency to resist change and to seek status quo
    • Enhancement
      • Strong desire to learn
      • Willingness to change

    Types of Client-Centered Model of Care

    • Type 1: Led by client
      • A therapist-client relationship in which the client is the one that determines the objectives and decides how the treatment should go.
    • Type 2: Led by interaction
      • Has three concepts that enable us to understand this type which are respect, power, and negotiation.

    Respect

    • Respect their opinions, choices, and values but as a therapist, one must also realize their capabilities, needs and limitations especially if it will cause harm to the client.

    Power

    • Ability to persuade and to obtain influence
    • To have shared power with the client.

    Negotiation

    • Establishing a bond with the other person, in an atmosphere where listening is as important as expressing your views.

    Postulates of Change

    • The therapist participates in active listening, paying attention, and deeply understanding the client's feelings, thoughts, and experiences.
    • Increased client's motivation which can lead to active participation in therapy.
    • Improved client's performance, skills, and sense of autonomy aligned with client's goals.
    • Stronger therapist-client relationship that is built on trust and collaboration.

    Application To Practice

    • Employs a client-centered approach to enhance daily functioning and overall well-being, utilizing comprehensive evaluations and assessments to tailor therapy to individual needs.

    Personal Reflection

    • Reflective practice
    • Journaling
    • Feedback

    Client-Centered Processes

    • Structured evaluation tools
    • Conducting studies such as semi-structured interviews
    • Reviewing documentation

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    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts in rehabilitation, focusing on the treatment of abilities and teaching compensation strategies for individuals with disabilities. It covers motor control and learning theories, as well as insights from Herman Kabat on neuromuscular responses. Test your understanding of these important topics in restoring independence and movement efficiency.

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