18 Questions
What is the primary role of the effector in a feedback loop?
Regulate the levels of intracellular cAMP
In which part of the body do the neurons that synthesize neurohormones oxytocin and vasopressin originate?
Posterior pituitary
Which type of hormones are mainly released by the anterior pituitary gland?
Tropic hormones
What senses and integrates in the first-order endocrine pathway involving the posterior pituitary?
Hypothalamus
In blood glucose regulation, what occurs if the brain cannot function due to low blood glucose levels?
Osmotic balance of blood is disturbed
What is the main function of insulin and glucagon in regulating blood glucose levels?
To regulate blood glucose levels within a narrow range
What is the role of the receiver in signal transduction pathways?
Convert the change in receptor shape to an intracellular response
Which type of receptor is associated with mostly genomic effects?
Intracellular receptors
What is the function of ligand-gated ion channels?
Bring about changes in membrane potential
What is the main role of G-protein-coupled receptors?
Lead to changes in cell activities
What is the process that occurs when a ligand binds to a transmembrane receptor and starts a phosphorylation cascade?
Amplification through phosphorylation of specific intracellular proteins
What do second messengers do in cell signaling?
Amplify the signal through a cascade
What is the term used to describe when one hormone reduces the effectiveness of a second hormone?
Antagonism
Which of the following hormones lowers blood glucose levels?
Insulin
In the context of hormonal interactions, what does 'synergism' refer to?
Complementary hormones whose combined effect is greater than the sum of separate effects
Which gland is responsible for the secretion of insulin and glucagon?
Pancreas
In vertebrates, what system detects 'stress' and initiates the stress response?
Nervous system
What is the term used to describe when one hormone 'permits' another hormone to exert its full effect?
Permissiveness
Learn about the mechanisms of how insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose levels through antagonistic pairing in pancreatic β cells. Explore the hormonal interactions and pathways involved in the precise regulation of insulin secretion.
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