Regulation of Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β Cells
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of the effector in a feedback loop?

  • Amplify the variable away from the set point
  • Bring the variable back to the set point
  • Maintain the set point of the variable
  • Regulate the levels of intracellular cAMP (correct)

    • In which part of the body do the neurons that synthesize neurohormones oxytocin and vasopressin originate?

  • Anterior pituitary
  • Posterior pituitary (correct)
  • Adenohypophysis
  • Neurohypophysis

    • Which type of hormones are mainly released by the anterior pituitary gland?

  • Effector hormones
  • Neurohormones
  • Feedback hormones
  • Tropic hormones (correct)

    • What senses and integrates in the first-order endocrine pathway involving the posterior pituitary?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In blood glucose regulation, what occurs if the brain cannot function due to low blood glucose levels?

    <p>Osmotic balance of blood is disturbed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of insulin and glucagon in regulating blood glucose levels?

    <p>To regulate blood glucose levels within a narrow range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the receiver in signal transduction pathways?

    <p>Convert the change in receptor shape to an intracellular response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor is associated with mostly genomic effects?

    <p>Intracellular receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ligand-gated ion channels?

    <p>Bring about changes in membrane potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of G-protein-coupled receptors?

    <p>Lead to changes in cell activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that occurs when a ligand binds to a transmembrane receptor and starts a phosphorylation cascade?

    <p>Amplification through phosphorylation of specific intracellular proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do second messengers do in cell signaling?

    <p>Amplify the signal through a cascade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe when one hormone reduces the effectiveness of a second hormone?

    <p>Antagonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones lowers blood glucose levels?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of hormonal interactions, what does 'synergism' refer to?

    <p>Complementary hormones whose combined effect is greater than the sum of separate effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is responsible for the secretion of insulin and glucagon?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In vertebrates, what system detects 'stress' and initiates the stress response?

    <p>Nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe when one hormone 'permits' another hormone to exert its full effect?

    <p>Permissiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

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