Regulation of Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β Cells

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What is the primary role of the effector in a feedback loop?

Amplify the variable away from the set point

Bring the variable back to the set point

Maintain the set point of the variable

Regulate the levels of intracellular cAMP (correct)

In which part of the body do the neurons that synthesize neurohormones oxytocin and vasopressin originate?

Anterior pituitary

Posterior pituitary (correct)

Adenohypophysis

Neurohypophysis

Which type of hormones are mainly released by the anterior pituitary gland?

Effector hormones

Neurohormones

Feedback hormones

Tropic hormones (correct)

What senses and integrates in the first-order endocrine pathway involving the posterior pituitary?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

In blood glucose regulation, what occurs if the brain cannot function due to low blood glucose levels?

Osmotic balance of blood is disturbed Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of insulin and glucagon in regulating blood glucose levels?

To regulate blood glucose levels within a narrow range Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the receiver in signal transduction pathways?

Convert the change in receptor shape to an intracellular response Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor is associated with mostly genomic effects?

Intracellular receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ligand-gated ion channels?

Bring about changes in membrane potential Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of G-protein-coupled receptors?

Lead to changes in cell activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that occurs when a ligand binds to a transmembrane receptor and starts a phosphorylation cascade?

Amplification through phosphorylation of specific intracellular proteins Signup and view all the answers

What do second messengers do in cell signaling?

Amplify the signal through a cascade Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe when one hormone reduces the effectiveness of a second hormone?

Antagonism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones lowers blood glucose levels?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

In the context of hormonal interactions, what does 'synergism' refer to?

Complementary hormones whose combined effect is greater than the sum of separate effects Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is responsible for the secretion of insulin and glucagon?

Pancreas Signup and view all the answers

In vertebrates, what system detects 'stress' and initiates the stress response?

Nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe when one hormone 'permits' another hormone to exert its full effect?

Permissiveness Signup and view all the answers