13 Questions
What is the primary function of acetyl CoA carboxylase in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis?
To convert Acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA
Which of the following hormones acts via RTK receptor to regulate fatty acid synthesis?
Insulin
What is the effect of high citrate levels on acetyl CoA carboxylase activity?
It activates the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase
Which of the following enzymes is inhibited by phosphorylation when there is less energy in the cell?
Protein phosphatase 2A
What is the effect of insulin on Glut-4 transporters?
It activates their activity
Which of the following molecules is an indicator of high energy levels in the cell?
Citrate
What is the effect of adrenaline on fatty acid synthesis in the cell?
It inhibits fatty acid synthesis
What is the primary role of AMP-activated protein kinase in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis?
To inhibit acetyl CoA carboxylase
What is the significance of the conversion of Acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis, and how does it relate to the energy status of the cell?
The conversion of Acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA is a crucial step in fatty acid synthesis, and it is regulated according to the energy status of the cell. When there is enough energy, Acetyl CoA is converted to malonyl CoA, indicating that the cell is in a state of energy surplus and can divert resources towards fatty acid synthesis.
How does insulin affect the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase, and what is the significance of this regulation in the context of fatty acid synthesis?
Insulin activates acetyl CoA carboxylase by dephosphorylating it, which leads to the conversion of Acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA and ultimately to fatty acid synthesis. This regulation is significant because it allows the cell to respond to high glucose levels by storing energy in the form of fatty acids.
What is the role of AMP-activated protein kinase in regulating fatty acid synthesis, and how does it respond to changes in energy levels in the cell?
AMP-activated protein kinase is activated by AMP and inhibited by ATP, allowing it to respond to changes in energy levels in the cell. When energy levels are low, it activates acetyl CoA carboxylase, leading to fatty acid synthesis. When energy levels are high, it is inhibited, reducing fatty acid synthesis.
How does citrate regulate the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase, and what is the significance of this regulation in the context of fatty acid synthesis?
Citrate binds to an allosteric site on acetyl CoA carboxylase, facilitating the polymerization of inactive dimers to active oligomers, and thereby increasing its activity. This regulation is significant because it allows the cell to respond to high energy levels by increasing fatty acid synthesis. citrate inhibits the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase
What is the significance of the regulation of fatty acid synthesis at the level of acetyl CoA carboxylase, and how does it relate to the overall energy status of the cell?
The regulation of fatty acid synthesis at the level of acetyl CoA carboxylase is a key point of control, allowing the cell to respond to changes in energy levels by either storing energy in the form of fatty acids or diverting resources towards other energy-producing pathways. This regulation is crucial for maintaining energy homeostasis in the cell.
Test your understanding of the regulation of fatty acid synthesis, including the role of acetyl CoA carboxylase, hormonal control, and the effects of insulin, glucagon, and adrenaline. Learn how these hormones regulate the conversion of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA and the impact on energy production.
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