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Questions and Answers
What are the three stages of fatty acid degradation?
What are the three stages of fatty acid degradation?
The three stages of fatty acid degradation are mobilization, activation, and oxidation.
What are the final products of fatty acid degradation?
What are the final products of fatty acid degradation?
The final products of fatty acid degradation are acetyl-CoA and water.
What is the role of pancreatic lipases and colipase in the digestion of dietary lipids?
What is the role of pancreatic lipases and colipase in the digestion of dietary lipids?
Pancreatic lipases and colipase hydrolyze triacylglycerols into free fatty acids, monoacylglycerols, and glycerol.
What are the major components of triacylglycerols?
What are the major components of triacylglycerols?
Triacylglycerols are highly hydrated molecules.
Triacylglycerols are highly hydrated molecules.
What is the name of the process that breaks down fatty acids in the mitochondria?
What is the name of the process that breaks down fatty acids in the mitochondria?
What molecule is the precursor for most fatty acid synthesis?
What molecule is the precursor for most fatty acid synthesis?
What is the name of the multi-enzyme complex that synthesizes fatty acids?
What is the name of the multi-enzyme complex that synthesizes fatty acids?
Fatty acid synthesis and degradation are essentially the same process, only in reverse order.
Fatty acid synthesis and degradation are essentially the same process, only in reverse order.
What is the name of the molecule that serves as the carrier of the growing fatty acid chain during synthesis?
What is the name of the molecule that serves as the carrier of the growing fatty acid chain during synthesis?
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the condensation reaction between acetyl-ACP and malonyl-ACP, initiating the elongation of the fatty acid chain?
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the condensation reaction between acetyl-ACP and malonyl-ACP, initiating the elongation of the fatty acid chain?
The product of fatty acid synthase is palmitic acid (C16 fatty acid).
The product of fatty acid synthase is palmitic acid (C16 fatty acid).
What does 'FAS' stand for?
What does 'FAS' stand for?
What type of molecule is the final product of fatty acid synthesis, released by the thioesterase (TE) enzyme?
What type of molecule is the final product of fatty acid synthesis, released by the thioesterase (TE) enzyme?
Fatty acid synthesis is maximal when carbohydrate and energy are plentiful and when fatty acids are scarce.
Fatty acid synthesis is maximal when carbohydrate and energy are plentiful and when fatty acids are scarce.
What is the name of the enzyme that plays a key role in regulating fatty acid synthesis and degradation, and what is its function?
What is the name of the enzyme that plays a key role in regulating fatty acid synthesis and degradation, and what is its function?
What two molecules are used to initiate the elongation of the fatty acid chain by fatty acid synthetase?
What two molecules are used to initiate the elongation of the fatty acid chain by fatty acid synthetase?
Increased expression of Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) is a common phenotype in human carcinomas.
Increased expression of Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) is a common phenotype in human carcinomas.
Flashcards
Fatty Acid Degradation
Fatty Acid Degradation
The process of breaking down fatty acids to generate energy.
Fatty Acid Synthesis
Fatty Acid Synthesis
The process of building fatty acids from smaller units.
Oxidation
Oxidation
The process of removing hydrogen atoms and adding oxygen atoms.
Reduction
Reduction
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Non-Esterfied Fatty Acid (NEFA)
Non-Esterfied Fatty Acid (NEFA)
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Tri-Acyl Glycerol (TAG)
Tri-Acyl Glycerol (TAG)
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Tri-Acyl Glycerol (TAG)
Tri-Acyl Glycerol (TAG)
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Mobilization of Lipids
Mobilization of Lipids
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Activation of Fatty Acids
Activation of Fatty Acids
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Transport of Fatty Acids
Transport of Fatty Acids
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Mitochondrial β-Oxidation
Mitochondrial β-Oxidation
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Cleavage
Cleavage
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Acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA
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Ketogenesis
Ketogenesis
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Ketosis
Ketosis
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Fatty Acid
Fatty Acid
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Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP)
Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP)
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Fatty Acid Synthase
Fatty Acid Synthase
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Malonyl CoA
Malonyl CoA
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Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
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Condensation
Condensation
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Dehydration
Dehydration
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Reductase
Reductase
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Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthesis
Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthesis
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Acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA
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Starvation
Starvation
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Phospholipid
Phospholipid
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Glycolipid
Glycolipid
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Adipose Tissue
Adipose Tissue
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Fatty Acid Oxidation
Fatty Acid Oxidation
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Ketogenesis
Ketogenesis
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Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
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Study Notes
Biochemistry Lecture Notes - Fatty Acid Synthesis and Degradation
- Fatty Acid Degradation: A three-stage process for breaking down fatty acids for energy.
- Stages of Fatty Acid Degradation:
- Mobilization of lipids (TAGs) from adipose tissue and transport to energy-requiring tissues.
- Activation and transport of fatty acids into mitochondria.
- Oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl CoA, which then enters the citric acid cycle.
- Fatty acids are linked to CoA before entering oxidation.
- The process involves oxidation, hydration, oxidation, and cleavage to produce acetyl CoA.
- Fatty Acid Degradation - Interesting Points:
- Beta-oxidation completely degrades saturated fatty acids with an even number of carbon atoms.
- Unsaturated and odd-chain fatty acids need more steps for degradation.
- Oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids requires an isomerase and a reductase.
- Odd-numbered fatty acids yield propionyl CoA and acetyl CoA.
- Fatty Acid Degradation - Important Point: The acetyl CoA formed only enters the citric acid cycle if carbohydrate is available.
- If carbohydrate isn't available , acetyl CoA converts to ketone bodies.
- Fatty Acid Synthesis: Our typical diet fulfills our physiological needs for fats; however, synthesis is necessary under specific conditions.
- Fatty Acid Synthesis- When is needed?:
- Embryonic development
- Lactation in mammary glands
- Tissue Specific Synthesis: Only certain tissues can synthesize fatty acids (liver) - synthesis goes awry in the liver it leads to liver failure.
- Precursor for Fatty Acid Synthesis: Acetyl CoA is the precursor for most fatty acids.
- Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS): A complex of enzymes that synthesizes fatty acids.
- FAS is a multifunctional enzyme complex with 7 active sites.
- It's part of a single polypeptide chain (not separate enzymes).
- Location of FAS: Takes place in the cytoplasm.
- Enzyme linkages: Enzymes are linked in to a single polypeptide chain.
- Intermediates: Intermediates are linked to SH groups of ACP.
- Oxidants and Reductant: Oxidants are NAD+ and FAD; reductant is NADPH.
- Isomeric Form: The Hydroxyacyl intermediate form is L for fatty acid synthesis.
- Fatty acid synthesis - Interesting Points:
- FA synthesis is maximal when energy and CHO are abundant, and FA is scarce.
- Acetyl CoA carboxylase is a key regulatory enzyme, catalyzing the production of malonyl CoA.
- Fatty Acids and regulation: Acetyl CoA regulation is local and hormonal.
- Significance of FAS: FAS expression is linked to poor prognosis in breast and prostate cancers.
- Recent interest in FAS and fatty-acid metabolism for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Description
Explore the intricate processes of fatty acid synthesis and degradation in this quiz. Learn about the stages of fatty acid degradation, including mobilization, activation, and oxidation, as well as key considerations for unsaturated and odd-chain fatty acids. Test your knowledge on how these biochemical processes fuel energy production in the body.
