Regulation of Digestive Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

  • Respiratory exchange
  • Transfer nutrients/water/electrolytes from food into the body’s internal environment (correct)
  • Hormone secretion
  • Muscle contraction

    • Which of the following is NOT one of the four major activities performed by the digestive system?

  • Motility
  • Secretion
  • Excretion (correct)
  • Absorption

    • What is the term for the smooth muscle in the walls of the GI tract exerting a steady low level of contraction?

  • Relaxation
  • Tonality
  • Hypertrophy
  • Tone (correct)

    • What function does the maintenance of steady tone in the contents of GIT serve?

    <p>Prevents permanent distension of GIT walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity involves muscular contractions mixing and moving forward the contents of the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical features are involved in the swallowing reflex?

    <p>Hard palate and uvula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the rate of propulsion in the propulsive movements of the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Function of the specific area of GIT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glands produce aqueous fluid in saliva?

    <p>Serous cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of mastication or chewing in digestion?

    <p>To prepare food for swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is achalasia characterized by?

    <p>Impaired swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair of salivary glands are located outside the oral cavity?

    <p>Parotid glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the reflex increase in salivary, gastric, and pancreatic secretions?

    <p>Stimulating taste buds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about GI secretions is correct?

    <p>GI secretions can be stimulated by both hormonal and neural factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of lactose?

    <p>Glucose + Galactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the GI tract comprises the thickest muscle layer?

    <p>Muscularis Externa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does ACh release have on smooth muscle contraction?

    <p>Results in contraction of smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the outer longitudinal layer in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

    <p>Contraction increases the GI region length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the nervous system decreases motility and secretion in the GI tract?

    <p>Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve network helps regulate local gut activity by being located between the two muscle layers in the GI tract?

    <p>Myenteric plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are protein and peptide chains primarily broken down?

    <p>By both endo- and exopeptidases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates slow-wave potentials in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

    <p>Pacesetter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) in smooth muscle cells of the GI tract?

    <p>Causes relaxation of smooth muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the myenteric and submucosal plexuses located in the gastrointestinal (GI) wall?

    <p>Within the length of the GI wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the interstitial cells of Cajal positioned between in the GI tract?

    <p>Longitudinal and circular smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the uvula during swallowing?

    <p>Seals off nasal passage during swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical structure separates the mouth from the nasal passages?

    <p>Hard palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the tonsils play in the pharynx?

    <p>Defending against pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sphincter prevents gastric reflux by closing off the esophagus?

    <p>Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES)?

    <p>Guarding the esophagus at both ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical feature is essential for simultaneous breathing and chewing to occur?

    <p>Hard palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

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