Regiones Naturales: El Mar y la Costa

Regiones Naturales: El Mar y la Costa

• El Mar Peruano:
  • Corriente Peruana (de Humboldt): Cold ocean current bringing cool water from the south, affecting coastal temperatures and supporting high marine biodiversity.
  • Mar Tropical: Warmer waters in the north due to tropical currents. More species than cold waters, especially valuable commercial species thrive here.
• Recursos Marinos:
  • Pesca: Peru's ocean holds valuable fish stocks, particularly anchovies and sardines, which are essential to the economy and fishing industry.
  • Recursos Minerales: Potential mineral deposits and energy sources are possibly present further study is needed.

Fuerzas Internas y Su Acción en el Relieve

• Tectonic Plate Separation (Separation): Oceanic ridges and volcanic zones form when tectonic plates separate. Peru's coastal areas are influenced by these movements.
• Tectonic Plate Collision (Colisión): The Nazca and South American plates collide along the coast, creating the Andes Mountains and associated seismic and volcanic activity.
• Lateral Displacement (Desplazamiento lateral): The sliding of tectonic plates causes earthquakes along Peru's coast.

Fuerzas Externas y el Paisaje

• Meteorización: The breaking down of rocks by weather changes (temperature, humidity), and organisms. Forms coastal landscapes like sand dunes and cliffs.
• Transporte: Erosion of sediment and materials is transported by wind and water elements. On the coast, wind carries sand forming dunes and beaches.
• Sedimentación: Transported materials settle and build up layers of earth and sand on the coast, changing the landscape of beaches and other areas.

La Costa Peruana

• Ubicación: Coastal area of Peru situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Andes Mountains.
• Importancia: The coastal area holds a significant portion of Peru's population and is a crucial part of the economy.
• Bahías: Inlets of the sea forming curves on the coastline (e.g. Paracas and Chimbote).
• Penínsulas: Areas of land surrounded by water on three sides (e.g. Paracas).
• Puntas: Protrusions of land extending into the ocean from the coast (e.g. Punta Sal and Punta Pariñas).

Clima de la Costa

• Características: Primarily arid and semi-arid due to the Humboldt Current, reducing humidity.
• Precipitación: Low precipitation in the south, but high humidity in some areas causing fog or "garúas".
• Diferencias Norte-Sur: Climates shift from cooler and drier in the south to warmer and moister in the north because of different ocean currents.

Formas de Relieve en el Espacio Costeño

• Valles: River valleys that descend from the Andes and empty into the ocean (e.g., Rimac and Ica Valleys). Good for farming.
• Elevaciones: Small hills and elevations that differ in size and are scattered along the coastal zone.

Población de la Costa

• Concentración: The coast has a high concentration of Peruvian population in major cities such as Lima, Trujillo, and Piura.
• Diversidad Cultural: Significant cultural diversity in population due to migration throughout history.

Actividades Económicas

• Actividades Extractivas: Fishing is an important economy, heavily influenced by Humboldt Current species. Mining activities exist along with salt and mineral extraction.
• Actividades Productivas: Agriculture in coastal valleys, especially for crops like cotton, rice, sugar cane, fruits, and vegetables. Aquaculture is prevalent in the north.
• Industria y Comercio: Coastal zone has industrial areas where fishing and agricultural yields are processed and traded. Major port activities are prominent.

Problemas Urbanos

• Crecimiento acelerado: Fast population growth.
• Contaminación: Pollution (air and water).
• Servicios básicos escases or inadequate: Lack of basic necessities such as clean water, electricity and proper sanitation.

Descubre las características del Mar Peruano y su influencia en la costa, incluyendo la Corriente Peruana y el mar tropical. Además, explora los recursos marinos y las fuerzas internas que modelan el relieve del Perú. Este quiz te permitirá profundizar en el impacto de estos elementos en la economía y la biodiversidad.