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Questions and Answers
What geological events influenced the primary structural features of the Kohat-Potwar geologic province?
Plate movements from the latest Paleozoic to the present.
During which geological time was the Indian plate located in the Southern Hemisphere?
What type of geological formations are preserved in the Kohat-Potwar geologic province?
Shelf and shallow-marine stages.
Which of these formations were deposited along the eastern portion of the Indian plate during Early Cretaceous time?
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The Indian plate began to break away from Africa during the Early Cretaceous.
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What geological process occurred during the Late Cretaceous time that affected the Indian plate?
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The Indian plate drifted northward at an accelerated rate of _____ cm/yr.
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Which mountain ranges contributed sediments to the river deltas as the Himalayas rose?
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What is notable about the current geological activity in the Kohat-Potwar area?
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Study Notes
Regional Geologic History
- The Kohat-Potwar geologic province has a complex geologic history shaped by plate movements from the Paleozoic to present.
- During the Permian to Middle Jurassic, the Indian plate resided in the Southern Hemisphere, forming a shallow continental shelf that deposited carbonates, shales, and sandstones.
- The Late Jurassic saw significant rifting events, with Madagascar, India, Australia, Antarctica, and the Seychelles separating from Africa, forming the Somali Rift Basin.
- India continued its northward drift during the Early Cretaceous, leading to the deposition of the Rajmahal Trap volcanics to the east and marine shales and limestones of the Sembar and Goru Formations in the northwest.
- The continued northward movement of the Indian plate during the Late Cretaceous resulted in the formation of the Bengal Basin and the initiation of rifting between Madagascar and the Seychelles.
- Oblique convergence of the Indian and Eurasian plates from the Late Cretaceous to the Middle Paleocene resulted in wrench faulting and the formation of regional arches like the Jacobad and Sargodha Highs in the Indus Basin.
- The collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates during the Eocene to Middle Miocene formed a subduction zone, resulting in the development of the Sulaiman-Kirthar fold belt and the rapid erosion and deposition of sediments from the Himalayan ranges.
- Crustal shortening and uplift continue in the Kohat-Potwar province, with the development of northeast-trending anticlines and overturned folds.
- The proto-Indus, Narmada, Ganges, Brahmaputra, Megna, Chindwin, and Irrawaddy Rivers formed extensive deltas due to the continued erosion of the Himalayan and other ranges.
Stratigraphy
- The Kohat-Potwar geologic province has a relatively complete depositional record from the Late Proterozoic to the Holocene.
- Late Proterozoic metamorphic basement rocks are overlain by oil-impregnated shales, sandstones, and interbedded carbonates and evaporates of the Late Proterozoic and Lower Cambrian Salt Range Formation.
- The study focuses particularly on petroleum systems formed in the province's depositional basin.
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Description
Explore the intricate geologic history of the Kohat-Potwar province, shaped by the movements of the Indian plate from the Paleozoic era to the present. This quiz covers key geological events including rifting, sedimentation, and plate convergence that have influenced the region's development. Challenges will test your understanding of significant geological formations and processes involved.
