Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which soil type is most suitable for building foundations due to its strength?
Which soil type is most suitable for building foundations due to its strength?
- Fine-grained Soils
- Granular Soils (correct)
- Organic Soils
- All soil types are equally suitable
What is the primary purpose of soil compaction?
What is the primary purpose of soil compaction?
- To decrease the density of the soil
- To increase the water content of the soil
- To make the soil more easily excavated
- To reduce the air content and increase soil strength (correct)
Which type of excavation is most appropriate for creating large-scale areas like basements or roads?
Which type of excavation is most appropriate for creating large-scale areas like basements or roads?
- Bulk Excavation (correct)
- Vertical Excavation
- Trenching
- Slope Excavation
What is the main safety concern addressed by shoring in excavation?
What is the main safety concern addressed by shoring in excavation?
Which type of roller is most suitable for compacting clay soils?
Which type of roller is most suitable for compacting clay soils?
What is the primary factor that determines the strength of concrete?
What is the primary factor that determines the strength of concrete?
What is the main purpose of curing concrete?
What is the main purpose of curing concrete?
Which of the following factors affects soil behavior?
Which of the following factors affects soil behavior?
What does the rebound hammer test measure?
What does the rebound hammer test measure?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of foundation failure?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of foundation failure?
What is the primary purpose of shoring in excavation?
What is the primary purpose of shoring in excavation?
Which type of concrete equipment is used to remove air bubbles from the mix?
Which type of concrete equipment is used to remove air bubbles from the mix?
What is the primary reason for adding steel reinforcement to concrete?
What is the primary reason for adding steel reinforcement to concrete?
Which type of foundation is best suited for a building located on weak soil?
Which type of foundation is best suited for a building located on weak soil?
What is the primary function of a penetration test in soil analysis?
What is the primary function of a penetration test in soil analysis?
Which compaction equipment is most suitable for compacting clay soil?
Which compaction equipment is most suitable for compacting clay soil?
Which of the following is a common problem associated with poor compaction of concrete?
Which of the following is a common problem associated with poor compaction of concrete?
Why is proper site investigation crucial before building a foundation?
Why is proper site investigation crucial before building a foundation?
Why is a deep foundation preferred for tall buildings?
Why is a deep foundation preferred for tall buildings?
What is the primary function of a backhoe loader?
What is the primary function of a backhoe loader?
What is the main purpose of soil borrowing in site investigation?
What is the main purpose of soil borrowing in site investigation?
What is the primary reason for using trench boxes in excavation?
What is the primary reason for using trench boxes in excavation?
Which type of foundation would be most suitable for a bridge?
Which type of foundation would be most suitable for a bridge?
Flashcards
Compressive Strength
Compressive Strength
The ability of concrete to bear weight before cracking.
Workability
Workability
The ease of mixing, placing, and finishing concrete.
Durability
Durability
The ability of concrete to resist weather, chemicals, and wear.
Slump Test
Slump Test
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Foundation Failure Causes
Foundation Failure Causes
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Proper Site Investigation
Proper Site Investigation
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Concrete Mixer
Concrete Mixer
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Excavator
Excavator
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Deep Foundations
Deep Foundations
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Shallow Foundations
Shallow Foundations
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Strip Foundation
Strip Foundation
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Pile Foundation
Pile Foundation
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Soil Boring
Soil Boring
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Shoring
Shoring
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Tension Cracks
Tension Cracks
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Soil Types
Soil Types
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Granular Soils
Granular Soils
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Fine-grained Soils
Fine-grained Soils
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Earthwork
Earthwork
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Compaction
Compaction
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Concrete Composition
Concrete Composition
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Curing of Concrete
Curing of Concrete
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Excavation Types
Excavation Types
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Study Notes
REG 361: Essential Exam Notes
- Focus on understanding, not memorizing
- Soil is crucial in construction; a weak base leads to problems like cracking, sinking, or collapse.
Soil Types
- Granular soils (sand, gravel): Strong, suitable for foundations
- Fine-grained soils (silt, clay): Weak, shrink when dry, expand when wet (bad for stability)
- Organic soils (peat, organic clay/silt): Worst for construction, compress easily and contain gases
Soil Behavior Factors
- Particle size and shape (large and angular = stronger)
- Water content (too much = weak soil)
- Packing and density (more compact = stronger)
Earthwork & Excavation
- Earthwork involves moving, cutting, and filling soil to prepare for construction
- Soil investigation (testing soil strength and stability) is the first step
- Excavation types: trenching (narrow holes), bulk excavation (large-scale removal)
Excavation Safety
- Shoring: Supports trench walls to prevent collapse
- Sheet piling: Metal/concrete sheets to hold soil in place
- Sloping & benching: Cutting soil at angles to prevent landslides
- Water control: Pumping to prevent instability
Soil Compaction
- Pressing soil to remove air and increase strength
- Prevents sinking, cracking, and increases soil strength
- Sheepsfoot roller (best for clay), Vibratory roller (best for sand/gravel), Tamping rammer (small areas)
Common Issues
- Over-compaction: breaks soil structure
- Under-compaction: settlement or sinkage
Concrete Basics
- Concrete = Cement + Water + Sand + Gravel
- More water = weaker concrete
- Important properties:
- Strength (measured in MPa, higher is stronger)
- Workability (how easy to mix and place)
- Durability (resistance to weather, chemicals and wear)
Foundation Types
- Shallow foundations (for light structures, firm soil close to surface): strip foundations and raft foundations
- Deep foundations (for tall buildings, weak surface soil): pile foundations, caisson foundations, and pier foundations
Site Investigation & Soil Analysis
- Important for preventing failure
- Key tests: soil boring, penetration test, moisture content test and other methods to check layers
Excavation & Trench Safety
- Excavation: Removing soil/rock
- Trenching: narrow excavations, usually deeper
- Key safety measures: shoring, sloping, trench boxes, water control
- Failure risks and causes: tension cracks, heaving/bulging, sliding failure
Concrete Works & Testing
- Concrete is strong in compression, weak in tension (steel reinforcing is needed)
- Important concrete properties: compressive strength, workability, durability
- Testing for concrete strength includes slump tests and compression tests
Common Concrete Problems
- Segregation (different sizes of aggregates separate)
- Bleeding (water rises to the surface)
- Honeycombing (gaps due to poor compaction)
Key Construction Equipment
- Excavation Equipment (backhoe loader, excavator, bulldozer)
- Compaction Equipment (sheepsfoot roller)
How to Approach Studying
- Understand the 'why' behind concepts, not just memorize facts.
- Visual aids (diagrams and flowcharts) help understanding
- Logic is important in multiple-choice questions
- Real-world examples help better understanding
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