32 Questions
Which of the following is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation?
Hypertension
What is the most appropriate management for a patient with hemodynamically unstable atrial fibrillation?
Synchronized cardioversion
Which of the following best describes ventricular fibrillation?
Rapidly irregular electrical activity with marked variability in ECG waveform, usually > 300 beats/min
Which term refers to a state of cardiac electrical instability defined by ≥3 episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation?
VT/VF storm
Which medication is classified as a Class III antiarrhythmic agent?
Amiodarone
What is the initial dosing of lidocaine for intravenous administration?
1-1.5 mg/kg IV; repeat 0.5-0.75 mg/kg bolus every 5-10 min (max cumulative dose 3 mg/kg)
What is the recommended monitoring parameter for patients receiving procainamide?
Renal function, liver function, ECG, and therapeutic level
Which of the following is a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias?
Male sex
What is the most appropriate management for a patient eating breakfast and talking to the nurse, with an ECG demonstrating ventricular tachycardia?
Do nothing
What does defibrillation involve?
Electrical current delivery to depolarize the cardiac muscle to terminate the arrhythmia
What best describes sudden cardiac death?
Sudden and unexpected death occurring within an hour of symptom onset or within 24 hours of being asymptomatic
What is the most appropriate management for unstable atrial fibrillation?
Synchronized cardioversion
What is a potential side effect of Mexiletine toxicity?
Tremors
What is a monitoring parameter for patients on Mexiletine?
Liver function
Which class of drugs does Amiodarone belong to?
Class III: Potassium channel blockers
What is a potential adverse effect of Amiodarone?
Pulmonary toxicity
Which medication is a nonselective ß-blocker?
Propranolol
Which syndrome is associated with an increased risk for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death?
Brugada Syndrome
What is the recommended action for managing Long QT Syndrome?
Correct electrolyte abnormalities
Which antimicrobial agents are known to prolong the QTc interval?
Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin
What is the initial dosing of adenosine for intravenous push?
6 mg
Which type of arrhythmia is characterized by irregularly fast heart rate?
Atrial fibrillation
What is the recommended second dose of adenosine for intravenous push?
12 mg
Which medication class does adenosine belong to?
Antiarrhythmic agent
What is the half-life (t1/2) of adenosine?
< 10 seconds
Which nonpharmacologic treatment involves a technique called Valsalva Maneuvers?
Carotid sinus massage
Which of the following is a potential risk factor that should be assessed in the evaluation of patients with arrhythmias?
Hemodynamic status
What is the main characteristic of supraventricular tachycardia?
Irregularly fast heart rate
What is the recommended initial dose for adenosine in the pharmacologic treatment of arrhythmias?
6 mg IV push
What is the half-life of adenosine that must be considered when administering the medication?
< 10 seconds
Which maneuver is a nonpharmacologic treatment option for certain arrhythmias?
Valsalva maneuver
According to the 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline, which type of arrhythmia is characterized by irregularly fast heart rate?
Atrial arrhythmias
Test your knowledge on identifying and managing risk factors for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, recognizing pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management, and providing monitoring plans for pharmacologic treatment. This quiz is based on the content provided by Emily Kefer, PharmD PGY2 Cardiology Resident.
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