Refractory Arrhythmias UHCOP PHAR 5218 Emily Kefer, PharmD PGY2 Cardiology Resident Quiz

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Which of the following is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation?

Vegetarian diet

Hypertension (correct)

Regular exercise

Low cholesterol levels

What is the most appropriate management for a patient with hemodynamically unstable atrial fibrillation?

Observation

Synchronized cardioversion (correct)

Pharmacological agents optimization

Unsynchronized cardioversion (defibrillation)

Which of the following best describes ventricular fibrillation?

Rapidly irregular electrical activity with marked variability in ECG waveform, usually > 300 beats/min (correct)

A state of cardiac electrical instability defined by ≥3 episodes of sustained VT or VF

Sudden cessation of cardiac activity such that the patient becomes unresponsive

Cardiac arrhythmia of ≥3 consecutive complexes originating in the ventricles at a rate >100 beats/min

Which term refers to a state of cardiac electrical instability defined by ≥3 episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation?

VT/VF storm Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is classified as a Class III antiarrhythmic agent?

Amiodarone Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial dosing of lidocaine for intravenous administration?

1-1.5 mg/kg IV; repeat 0.5-0.75 mg/kg bolus every 5-10 min (max cumulative dose 3 mg/kg) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended monitoring parameter for patients receiving procainamide?

Renal function, liver function, ECG, and therapeutic level Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias?

Male sex Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate management for a patient eating breakfast and talking to the nurse, with an ECG demonstrating ventricular tachycardia?

Do nothing Signup and view all the answers

What does defibrillation involve?

Electrical current delivery to depolarize the cardiac muscle to terminate the arrhythmia Signup and view all the answers

What best describes sudden cardiac death?

Sudden and unexpected death occurring within an hour of symptom onset or within 24 hours of being asymptomatic Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate management for unstable atrial fibrillation?

Synchronized cardioversion Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of Mexiletine toxicity?

Tremors Signup and view all the answers

What is a monitoring parameter for patients on Mexiletine?

Liver function Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs does Amiodarone belong to?

Class III: Potassium channel blockers Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of Amiodarone?

Pulmonary toxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a nonselective ß-blocker?

Propranolol Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is associated with an increased risk for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death?

Brugada Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for managing Long QT Syndrome?

Correct electrolyte abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

Which antimicrobial agents are known to prolong the QTc interval?

Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial dosing of adenosine for intravenous push?

6 mg Signup and view all the answers

Which type of arrhythmia is characterized by irregularly fast heart rate?

Atrial fibrillation Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended second dose of adenosine for intravenous push?

12 mg Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class does adenosine belong to?

Antiarrhythmic agent Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life (t1/2) of adenosine?

< 10 seconds Signup and view all the answers

Which nonpharmacologic treatment involves a technique called Valsalva Maneuvers?

Carotid sinus massage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential risk factor that should be assessed in the evaluation of patients with arrhythmias?

Hemodynamic status Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of supraventricular tachycardia?

Irregularly fast heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial dose for adenosine in the pharmacologic treatment of arrhythmias?

6 mg IV push Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of adenosine that must be considered when administering the medication?