Refractory Arrhythmias UHCOP PHAR 5218 Emily Kefer, PharmD PGY2 Cardiology Resident Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation?

  • Vegetarian diet
  • Hypertension (correct)
  • Regular exercise
  • Low cholesterol levels

What is the most appropriate management for a patient with hemodynamically unstable atrial fibrillation?

  • Observation
  • Synchronized cardioversion (correct)
  • Pharmacological agents optimization
  • Unsynchronized cardioversion (defibrillation)

Which of the following best describes ventricular fibrillation?

  • Rapidly irregular electrical activity with marked variability in ECG waveform, usually > 300 beats/min (correct)
  • A state of cardiac electrical instability defined by ≥3 episodes of sustained VT or VF
  • Sudden cessation of cardiac activity such that the patient becomes unresponsive
  • Cardiac arrhythmia of ≥3 consecutive complexes originating in the ventricles at a rate >100 beats/min

Which term refers to a state of cardiac electrical instability defined by ≥3 episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation?

<p>VT/VF storm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is classified as a Class III antiarrhythmic agent?

<p>Amiodarone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial dosing of lidocaine for intravenous administration?

<p>1-1.5 mg/kg IV; repeat 0.5-0.75 mg/kg bolus every 5-10 min (max cumulative dose 3 mg/kg) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended monitoring parameter for patients receiving procainamide?

<p>Renal function, liver function, ECG, and therapeutic level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias?

<p>Male sex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate management for a patient eating breakfast and talking to the nurse, with an ECG demonstrating ventricular tachycardia?

<p>Do nothing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does defibrillation involve?

<p>Electrical current delivery to depolarize the cardiac muscle to terminate the arrhythmia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes sudden cardiac death?

<p>Sudden and unexpected death occurring within an hour of symptom onset or within 24 hours of being asymptomatic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate management for unstable atrial fibrillation?

<p>Synchronized cardioversion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of Mexiletine toxicity?

<p>Tremors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a monitoring parameter for patients on Mexiletine?

<p>Liver function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs does Amiodarone belong to?

<p>Class III: Potassium channel blockers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of Amiodarone?

<p>Pulmonary toxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a nonselective ß-blocker?

<p>Propranolol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is associated with an increased risk for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death?

<p>Brugada Syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for managing Long QT Syndrome?

<p>Correct electrolyte abnormalities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antimicrobial agents are known to prolong the QTc interval?

<p>Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial dosing of adenosine for intravenous push?

<p>6 mg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of arrhythmia is characterized by irregularly fast heart rate?

<p>Atrial fibrillation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended second dose of adenosine for intravenous push?

<p>12 mg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class does adenosine belong to?

<p>Antiarrhythmic agent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life (t1/2) of adenosine?

<p>&lt; 10 seconds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nonpharmacologic treatment involves a technique called Valsalva Maneuvers?

<p>Carotid sinus massage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential risk factor that should be assessed in the evaluation of patients with arrhythmias?

<p>Hemodynamic status (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of supraventricular tachycardia?

<p>Irregularly fast heart rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial dose for adenosine in the pharmacologic treatment of arrhythmias?

<p>6 mg IV push (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of adenosine that must be considered when administering the medication?

<p>&lt; 10 seconds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which maneuver is a nonpharmacologic treatment option for certain arrhythmias?

<p>Valsalva maneuver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline, which type of arrhythmia is characterized by irregularly fast heart rate?

<p>Atrial arrhythmias (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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