Reformation Causes and Key Figures

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Questions and Answers

What was one significant cause of the Reformation?

  • The spread of feudalism
  • The Catholic Church's increased wealth and power
  • Corruption within the Catholic Church (correct)
  • The invention of the steam engine

Who is known for challenging the Catholic Church with the 95 Theses?

  • Henry VIII
  • John Knox
  • John Calvin
  • Martin Luther (correct)

What major reform was enacted by the Catholic Church after the Reformation?

  • The establishment of the Jesuits (correct)
  • Increased papal authority
  • The promotion of indulgences
  • The banning of the Bible

Which figure is associated with the belief in predestination?

<p>John Calvin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant impact of the printing press during the Reformation?

<p>It caused the spread of ideas central to the Reformation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Henry VIII establish in the 1530s?

<p>The Anglican Church (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main beliefs put forth by Martin Luther?

<p>Faith alone can lead to salvation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a reform introduced by the Council of Trent?

<p>Clarification of Catholic doctrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the key outcomes of the Council of Trent?

<p>Clarified Catholic doctrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group was founded to promote education and missionary work within the Catholic Church?

<p>Jesuits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What idea did Martin Luther advocate with his 95 Theses?

<p>Faith alone can lead to salvation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes John Calvin's belief system?

<p>Predestination is the idea that God has already decided who will be saved (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one major factor that contributed to the spread of Reformation ideas?

<p>The invention of the printing press (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a key reason for Martin Luther's break from the Catholic Church?

<p>Corruption within the church (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Anabaptists from other Protestant groups?

<p>Rejection of infant baptism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of the Counter-Reformation?

<p>To reinforce Catholic doctrine and practices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which king broke away from the Catholic Church to form the Church of England?

<p>Henry VIII (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes individuals who separated from the Catholic Church during the Reformation?

<p>Protestants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the effects of the Reformation on church power?

<p>Diminished authority of the Pope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant role did the Roman Inquisition serve during the Counter-Reformation?

<p>Punishing heresy and reinforcing doctrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a primary reform advocated by John Knox in Scotland?

<p>Emphasis on the authority of Scripture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one major impact of the Reformation on the accessibility of the Bible?

<p>It was translated into many languages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What was the selling of indulgences?

The practice of selling indulgences, which were certificates that supposedly reduced time in purgatory, was seen as a form of corruption by many.

What is Humanism?

Humanism emphasized the importance of classical learning and focused on human potential and reason.

Who was Martin Luther and what did he believe?

Martin Luther, a German monk, challenged the Catholic Church in 1517 with his 95 Theses, arguing that salvation was achieved through faith alone, not good works, and that the Bible was the ultimate authority, not the Pope.

What is the Church of England and who created it?

Henry VIII, King of England, broke away from the Catholic Church in the 1530s to form the Church of England, primarily to divorce his first wife and marry Anne Boleyn.

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What did John Calvin believe in?

John Calvin, a prominent figure in the Protestant Reformation, believed in predestination, the idea that God has already chosen who will be saved and who will be damned.

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Who was John Knox and what did he do?

John Knox, a Scottish minister, led the Protestant Reformation in Scotland, emphasizing the authority of scripture and rejecting Catholic rituals.

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What was the Council of Trent?

The Council of Trent, held by the Catholic Church, aimed to clarify Catholic doctrine, reform church practices, and address corruption.

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What are the Jesuits?

The Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits, was a religious order founded in 1540 to promote education, missionary work, and defend Catholicism.

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Indulgences

Payments made to the Catholic Church to reduce punishment for sins.

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Excommunication

The act of excluding someone from the Church.

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Protestant

A Christian who separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation, following new interpretations of Christianity.

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Reformation

A religious movement that led to the creation of Protestant churches and reforms in the Catholic Church.

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Counter-Reformation

The Catholic Church's response to the Reformation, aiming to reform itself and stop the spread of Protestantism.

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Lutheranism

A branch of Protestant Christianity founded by Martin Luther, emphasizing faith alone for salvation and the Bible's authority.

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Calvinism

A Protestant denomination based on John Calvin's teachings, focusing on predestination and God's supreme authority.

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Presbyterians

A Protestant group influenced by Calvinism, governed by elders (presbyters) rather than bishops, emphasizing scripture-based faith.

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Anabaptist

A Protestant sect that rejected infant baptism, believing only adults should be baptized when they profess faith.

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Jesuits

Members of the Society of Jesus, a Catholic order focused on education, missionary work, and defending Catholicism.

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Roman Inquisition

A Church court established to investigate and punish heresy, aiming to reinforce Catholic doctrine during the Counter-Reformation.

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Martin Luther

A monk who challenged the Catholic Church with his 95 Theses, emphasizing faith alone for salvation and the Bible's authority.

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Henry VIII

The King of England who broke from the Catholic Church in the 1530s, forming the Church of England.

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John Calvin

A leading figure in the Protestant Reformation, promoting predestination and creating Calvinism.

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John Knox

A Scottish minister who led the Protestant Reformation in Scotland, emphasizing the authority of scripture and rejecting Catholic rituals.

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Study Notes

Causes of the Reformation

  • Corruption within the Catholic Church
  • Rise of Humanism
  • Invention of the printing press, spreading ideas
  • Luther's 95 Theses, criticizing the Church

Key Figures of the Reformation

  • Martin Luther: Challenged the Church, emphasizing faith over works, and the Bible's authority over the Pope.
  • Henry VIII: Broke from the Catholic Church to form the Church of England in the 1530s.
  • John Calvin: Leading Protestant reformer, promoted predestination (God's predetermined salvation).
  • John Knox: Led the Protestant Reformation in Scotland, emphasizing scripture and rejecting Catholic rituals.

Catholic Church Reforms

  • Council of Trent: Clarified doctrine, reformed practices, addressed corruption.
  • Jesuits (Society of Jesus): Promoted education and missionary work.
  • Banning of the sale of indulgences.
  • Improved priest education and training.

Reformation Concepts

  • Indulgences: Payments for reduced punishment for sins.
  • Excommunication: Exclusion from the Church.
  • Protestant: Christian who separated from the Catholic Church.
  • Reformation: Religious movement creating Protestant churches and Catholic reforms.
  • Counter-Reformation: Catholic response to the Reformation.
  • Lutheranism: Protestant branch founded by Martin Luther.
  • Calvinism: Protestant branch based on John Calvin's teachings.
  • Presbyterians: Protestant group governed by elders, emphasizing scripture.
  • Anabaptist: Protestant sect rejecting infant baptism.
  • Jesuits: Catholic order focused on education, missionary work and defending Catholicism.
  • Roman Inquisition: Church court investigating and punishing heresy

Reformation's Impact

  • Political: Rise of national churches, allowing rulers to control religion and politics.
  • Economic: Challenged Church's financial power; shift of economic power from Church to rulers. People no longer donated to Church
  • Religious: Creation of Protestantism, religious conflicts, promoting personal Bible interpretation.
  • Social: Bible translated into various languages, reducing clergy's importance and promoting individual interpretation.
  • Intellectual: Rejection of Papal authority, scripture as the ultimate truth, leading to religious freedom and individual interpretation
  • Artistic: Protestants initially rejected some religious rituals and art. The Catholic Church responded with reforms like the council of Trent to bring back these elements.

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