Podcast
Questions and Answers
Explain how the feed stream from T-440 is introduced into T-450 (C14 Tower), detailing the purpose of each component it encounters before entering the tower.
Explain how the feed stream from T-440 is introduced into T-450 (C14 Tower), detailing the purpose of each component it encounters before entering the tower.
The feed stream from T-440 first passes through F-453 (C14 Tower Feed Strainer) to remove particulate matter. It then enters T-450 between the top and bottom beds via a chimney tray, which delivers the liquid to a feed distributor tray for even distribution onto the bottom bed, ensuring proper vapor/liquid contact.
Describe the path of the overhead vapor from T-450, including the condensers it passes through and their respective cooling media.
Describe the path of the overhead vapor from T-450, including the condensers it passes through and their respective cooling media.
The overhead vapor from T-450 goes to E-450 (C14 Tower Condenser) and is cooled by untreated boiler feed water. Non-condensable vapor is routed to E-451 (C14 Tower Vent Condenser) and is cooled by cooling water.
Explain why two ejector stages (Z-450 and Z-451) are used, and describe the path of the gas stream through them, including any intermediate cooling steps.
Explain why two ejector stages (Z-450 and Z-451) are used, and describe the path of the gas stream through them, including any intermediate cooling steps.
Two ejector stages (Z-450 and Z-451) are used to create a deeper vacuum. Gas from D-450 is routed to Z-450 and then cooled in E-459 (C14 Tower Ejector Interstage Condenser) before being routed to Z-451 and finally to E-480.
Describe the flow path of the liquid bottom stream from D-450, specifying the purpose of each unit it encounters before either returning to T-450 or exiting as product.
Describe the flow path of the liquid bottom stream from D-450, specifying the purpose of each unit it encounters before either returning to T-450 or exiting as product.
Explain the purpose of E-455 (C14 Tower Reboiler) and describe the flow path of the liquid and vapor streams associated with it.
Explain the purpose of E-455 (C14 Tower Reboiler) and describe the flow path of the liquid and vapor streams associated with it.
Flashcards
T-450 (C14 Tower) Function
T-450 (C14 Tower) Function
Separates C14 feed into overhead vapor (C14 Product) and bottom liquid (C16-C24).
E-450 (C14 Tower Condenser)
E-450 (C14 Tower Condenser)
Cools the T-450 overhead vapor using untreated boiler feed water.
D-450 Role
D-450 Role
Receives condensed vapor from E-450 and routes non-condensable vapor to E-451.
E-451 (C14 Tower Vent Condenser)
E-451 (C14 Tower Vent Condenser)
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E-455 (C14 Tower Reboiler)
E-455 (C14 Tower Reboiler)
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Study Notes
- C14-C24 feed from T-440 bottom goes to F-453, then to T-450, separating into C14 overhead vapor and C16-C24 bottom liquid.
- T-450 overhead vapor is cooled in E-450 using boiler feed water, with condensate going to D-450 and non-condensables to E-451.
- Cooled overhead gas from D-450, along with non-condensables from E-480, goes to Z-450, then E-459, and Z-451, using 100 psig steam to pull a vacuum.
- Liquid bottom from D-450 goes through F-450 via P-450A/B back to T-450 as reflux and to E-452 for cooling before storage in TK-814; off-spec C14 goes to Unit 1791.
- T-450 bottom liquid goes to E-455 for heating with Dowtherm, with the vapor returning to T-450 and the liquid bottom routed by P-455A/B to T-460.
Equipment Details
- F-453 removes particulate matter from the T-450 feed.
- T-450 (4’6”D x 81’4”L) separates C14-C24 into C14 overhead product, with C16-C24 blend as feed for T-460.
- Key process control objectives for T-450 are maintaining C16 concentration in the overhead product and C14 concentration in the bottoms at specification..
- E-450 cools and condenses T-450 overhead vapor using boiler feed water, providing reflux and C14 product to storage.
- D-450 (3’6”D x 8’L) separates liquid for reflux and C14 product from non-condensable vapor.
- E-451 cools and condenses overhead vapor from D-450 using cooling water, to be used as reflux on T-450.
- Z-450 is the 1st stage ejector installed to lower the pressure of T-450 overhead.
- E-459 cools and condenses steam from Z-450 using cooling water.
- Z-451 is the 2nd stage ejector installed to further lower the pressure of T-450 overhead.
- P-450A/B are 15 HP pumps circulating reflux to T-450 and routing C14 product to TK-814.
- F-450 removes particulate matter from the T-450 feed.
- E-452 cools the C14 product with cooling water before storage.
- E-455 heats T-450 bottoms with Dowtherm, boiling it into vapor; kettle shape provides space for vapor expansion.
- P-455A/B are 5 HP pumps routing liquid bottom from T-450 to T-460.
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