Red Blood Cells and Anemia Quiz

<p>Hemosiderin contains more iron than ferritin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is slow, limited to a few milligrams per day (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A small portion remains as pluripotential cells to maintain the supply in bone marrow. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differentiation results in the formation of various circulating blood cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their numbers diminish with age. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the bone marrow. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pluripotential properties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most differentiate into other cell types. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermediate-stage cells are already committed to a particular line of cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CFU-M (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LSC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythrocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Granulocytes and monocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are restricted to producing specific lineages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CFU-GM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B lymphocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythropoietin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidneys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red blood cell production increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>34,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has no effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produces a small amount of erythropoietin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythropoietin production markedly increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone marrow produces large amounts of red blood cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impediment of blood flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stimulates erythropoietin production and increases red blood cell production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to low oxygen levels over time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It normally disappears within 1 to 2 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their concentration is slightly less than 1% of red cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stimulates the production of red blood cells in response to low oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron deficiency anemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diapedesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased formation of erythropoietin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate the differentiation of erythrocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It occurs solely in the liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in hematocrit levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transferrin binds to iron in the plasma and delivers it to erythroblasts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They become increasingly fragile and less active metabolically. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is ingested by monocyte-macrophage cells, releasing iron. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Failure to transport iron to developing erythroblasts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It filters old red blood cells and aids in their destruction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To cause specific differentiation of committed stem cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colony-forming unit-erythrocyte (CFU-E) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After becoming basophilic erythroblasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is partially reabsorbed by the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interleukin-3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They show minimal accumulation of hemoglobin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appropriate stimulation by growth inducers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>65 percent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two alpha chains and two beta chains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 to 5 grams (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyclic chains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reticuloendothelial system and liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytochromes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>64,458 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transferrin is the primary iron storage protein. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gamma and delta chains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Various heme compounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissue demand for oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibroblast-like interstitial cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It serves as a transcription factor for the erythropoietin gene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased tissue blood flow due to disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased absorption of oxygen in the lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased HIF-1 levels → Increased erythropoietin mRNA transcription (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased red blood cell production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of hypoxia response elements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Altering the rate of iron absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemosiderin can accumulate in larger clusters in cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saturation of apoferritin storage pools (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only small proportions can be absorbed, even with high intake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of hemosiderin in cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced absorption rate up to five times normal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It serves as an iron storage protein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ferritin particles are smaller and more dispersed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases significantly with high iron stores (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A type of cell in bone marrow that can develop into any type of blood cell.

The process by which pluripotential cells divide and specialize into different types of blood cells.

A small portion of pluripotential cells that remain undifferentiated, ensuring a continuous supply of new blood cells.

The decrease in the number of pluripotential cells over time.

The majority of pluripotential cells differentiate to form various blood cell types.

A type of blood cell formation where immature cells develop into more specialized forms.

The process by which pluripotential cells are constantly being replaced and renewed.

A stem cell that has the potential to develop into any type of blood cell.

A type of stem cell that is committed to a specific blood cell lineage, but still has the potential to create several types of cells.

A specific cell type that is part of the red blood cell lineage.

A specialized stem cell that will differentiate to become a specific kind of white blood cell.

Specialized stem cell responsible for producing platelets, which aid in blood clotting.

The process by which immature blood cells develop into more specialized forms.

Cells that create a continuous supply of new blood cells, ensuring a consistent population.

The number of pluripotent stem cells decreases as we age.

An immature red blood cell that has a lot of ribosomes and RNA, making it appear blue under the microscope.

An important hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to increase red blood cell production.

The process by which cells move through the tiny pores of blood vessels.

A condition where there is a shortage of red blood cells or low hemoglobin levels.

A type of anemia in which red blood cells are smaller than normal.

A type of anemia in which red blood cells are abnormally shaped and less flexible.

A type of anemia in which red blood cells are larger than normal.

A condition where the baby's red blood cells are destroyed by the mother's immune system.

An immature red blood cell that still contains some ribosomes and RNA, giving it a bluish tint.

The molecule that binds to and carries the oxygen.

The ability of hemoglobin to bind to and release oxygen as needed.

The main form of iron storage in the body, found primarily in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

An extremely insoluble form of iron storage, often appearing in large clusters in cells.

The body's primary mechanism for controlling total iron levels.

The process of creating new red blood cells.

The primary factor influencing red blood cell production is the amount of oxygen available in the tissues.

Low levels of oxygen in the blood or tissues.

The body tightly regulates the number of red blood cells, ensuring enough are available to carry oxygen without clogging blood flow.

The production of red blood cells increases when there's a shortage of oxygen in the tissues.

The kidneys are the primary site of erythropoietin production.

Erythropoietin production increases in response to hypoxia, leading to an increase in red blood cell production until oxygen levels return to normal.

The bone marrow is responsible for producing red blood cells.

A stem cell committed to becoming a red blood cell.

Proteins that stimulate cell growth but don't cause differentiation.

Proteins that initiate the transformation of a committed stem cell into a specific blood cell type.

The first recognizable cell in the red blood cell formation process, characterized by a large nucleus and a lack of hemoglobin.

The process of forming red blood cells, beginning with a committed stem cell and ending with a fully functional, oxygen-carrying red blood cell.

The primary function of hemoglobin is to bind and release oxygen, enabling the transport of oxygen throughout the body.

Iron is stored in the body primarily in two forms: ferritin and hemosiderin. Ferritin is the main storage form, while hemosiderin is a less soluble form that accumulates when iron levels are high.

The body tightly regulates iron levels by controlling the rate of iron absorption from the intestines. When iron stores are low, absorption increases, and when stores are high, absorption decreases.

A low oxygen level in the blood or tissues, known as hypoxia, triggers the body to produce more red blood cells.

The kidneys produce a hormone called erythropoietin, which stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells in response to low oxygen levels.

This is a feedback loop where low oxygen levels trigger erythropoietin production, leading to increased red blood cell production, which eventually restores normal oxygen levels.

The ability of hemoglobin to bind and release oxygen is crucial for oxygen transport. When oxygen is abundant, hemoglobin binds to it, and when oxygen is scarce, hemoglobin releases it.

Ferritin is a protein that stores iron in the body. It is found mainly in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

Hemosiderin is another form of iron storage. It is less soluble than ferritin and accumulates when iron levels are high.

The process by which cells, such as white blood cells, squeeze through tiny pores in blood vessels to reach areas of infection or inflammation.

When red blood cells reach the end of their lifespan (around 120 days), they are broken down by monocyte-macrophage cells, releasing their hemoglobin for iron recycling.

A unique characteristic of the transferrin molecule is that it binds strongly with receptors in the membranes of erythroblasts (immature red blood cells) in the bone marrow. This allows transferrin to deliver iron directly to the mitochondria, where heme is synthesized.

The formation of new red blood cells is called erythropoiesis. It's vital for replenishing aging red blood cells and ensuring an adequate supply of oxygen carriers in the blood.

Oxygenation levels in the tissues greatly influence red blood cell production. When oxygen levels are low (hypoxia), the body increases red blood cell production to compensate for the oxygen shortage.

Hypoxia is a state of low oxygen levels in the blood or tissues. It can be caused by various factors, including altitude sickness, anemia, or lung disease.

The body maintains an adequate supply of red blood cells while preventing excessive number of red blood cells. This balance ensures efficient oxygen transport without increasing blood viscosity.

Hypoxia triggers the kidneys to release erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. This process increases the number of oxygen carriers, restoring normal oxygen levels.