Red Blood Cell Sizes and Variations
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Questions and Answers

What condition is most likely indicated by a markedly increased MCV (more than 125 fL)?

  • Sideroblastic anemia
  • Megaloblastic erythropoiesis (correct)
  • Thalassemia
  • Iron deficiency anemia
  • Which types of anemia are associated with the appearance of small leptocytes?

  • Thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies (correct)
  • Iron deficiency anemia and sideroblastic anemia
  • Megaloblastic anemia and cirrhosis
  • Aplastic anemia and chronic disease
  • How is anisocytosis defined in relation to red blood cells?

  • Variation in the white blood cell count
  • Variation in hemoglobin levels among red blood cells
  • Variation in size or diameter of red blood cells (correct)
  • Variation in color of the red blood cells
  • What is a characteristic feature of macrocytes observed in megaloblastic anemia?

    <p>Increased thickness leading to well-filled appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the assessment of anisocytosis?

    <p>Estimated semiquantitatively as slight, moderate, or marked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average diameter range of a normal red blood cell?

    <p>7 to 8 µm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average volume of a normal red blood cell in femtoliters?

    <p>90 fL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural characteristic differentiates red blood cells from small lymphocytes?

    <p>Red blood cells have an average thickness of 2.5 µm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a probable consequence if the factors maintaining the disc shape of erythrocytes are altered?

    <p>The cells become spherical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might excess plasma cholesterol affect red blood cells?

    <p>It increases the surface area of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does macrocytosis refer to?

    <p>Larger than normal red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measurement is usually included in automated complete blood counts?

    <p>Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition is macrocytosis often debated?

    <p>Liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary visual characteristic of acanthocytes?

    <p>Pointed spicules or thornlike projections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of stomatocytes when viewed in moist preparations?

    <p>Bowl shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is commonly associated with the presence of stomatocytes?

    <p>Cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes acanthocytes from burr cells?

    <p>The number and shape of their projections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of hereditary stomatocytosis?

    <p>Presence of numerous stomatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cellular defect is suggested to contribute to hereditary stomatocytosis?

    <p>High cellular sodium and low potassium content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about acanthocytes is accurate?

    <p>They may be hereditary or acquired.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario might you typically find a few stomatocytes in a blood film?

    <p>In healthy individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason keratocytes do not remain in circulation for long?

    <p>They are fragile and may lyse easily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell shape is characteristic of dacryocytes?

    <p>Teardrop or pear-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause intravascular hemolysis alongside shortened red cell survival?

    <p>Excessive physical trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a schistocyte?

    <p>A damaged red cell resulting from fragmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do red cells with rigid inclusions like Heinz bodies develop a teardrop shape?

    <p>They cannot pass through small openings and get stretched.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition are teardrop cells typically observed?

    <p>Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark of hemolytic anemia secondary to red cell fragmentation?

    <p>Presence of keratocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a form associated with severe trauma in erythrocytes?

    <p>Neutrophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with the presence of dacryocytes in blood films?

    <p>Pernicious anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are depicted as having bizarre shapes in blood films of patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura?

    <p>Schistocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with the presence of schistocytes?

    <p>Pernicious anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of blood disorder would you likely find keratocytes?

    <p>Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'codocytes' refer to in hematological evaluations?

    <p>Target cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the irregularly spaced processes seen on schistocytes?

    <p>Membrane injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are blister cells indicative of in a blood film?

    <p>Possible microangiopathic hemolytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following disorders is characterized by the presence of hemolytic cells with horn-like projections?

    <p>Keratocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Red Blood Cell Size

    • Normal red blood cell diameter is 7 to 8 μm.
    • The average thickness is 2.5 μm.
    • The average volume is 90 fL.
    • The average surface area is 160 μm².

    Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

    • MCV is a measure of red blood cell size.
    • It is included in automated complete blood counts.
    • Higher than normal MCV indicates macrocytosis.
    • Lower than normal MCV indicates microcytosis.

    Variation in Size (Anisocytosis)

    • Anisocytosis is a variation in red blood cell size.
    • It is estimated semi-quantitatively as slight, moderate, or marked.

    Macrocytosis

    • It can be caused by liver disease, excess plasma cholesterol, vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.
    • In vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, macrocytes are mostly oval.
    • With macrocytosis, red blood cell size increases, causing a filled appearance with less central pallor.

    Microcytosis

    • It may be seen in thalassemia, hemoglobinopathies such as Hb C, sideroblastic anemia, obstruction of bile ducts, and sometimes in cirrhosis and steatorrhea.

    Poikilocytosis

    • Poikilocytosis is a variation in red blood cell shape.

    Acanthocytes

    • Acanthocytes are small, densely stained red cells with pointed spicules.
    • They are smaller than normal red blood cells and have a spheroidal shape.
    • They may be acquired or inherited.

    Stomatocytes

    • Stomatocytes have an elongated or slitlike area of central pallor.
    • They may be hereditary or acquired.
    • They are observed in patients with alcoholism, cirrhosis, obstructive liver disease, Rh null disease.

    Schistocytes

    • Schistocytes are red cell fragments resulting from physical trauma in the cardiovascular system.
    • They are a hallmark of hemolytic anemia secondary to red cell fragmentation.

    Keratocytes

    • Keratocytes are damaged red cells formed when a red cell attempts to pass between fibrin strands.
    • They are fragile, do not remain in circulation for long, and are a rare phenomenon.

    Dacryocytes

    • Dacryocytes have a tear-drop or pear shape due to their inability to pass through the splenic sinuses.
    • They are observed in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, myelophthisic anemia, pernicious anemia, β-thalassemia, drug-induced Heinz body formation, tuberculosis, and tumor metastasized to the marrow.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the characteristics of red blood cells, including their normal sizes and variations such as macrocytosis and microcytosis. It covers important terms like Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and anisocytosis, helping to understand how these factors influence blood health.

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