Shape and Size of Red Blood Cells Quiz

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What is the average mean diameter of normal red blood cells?

7.8 micrometers

Which protein is the most important structure that maintains the biconcave shape of the erythrocyte?

Spectrin

What does each gram of hemoglobin combine with if it is 100% saturated?

1.34 ml of oxygen

What is the approximate concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

<p>34 g/100 ml of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes hereditary spherocytosis?

<p>Defect in Spectrin gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average volume of a red blood cell?

<p>90 to 95 cubic micrometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal percentage of hemoglobin in the whole blood for women?

<p>14%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of plasma solutes?

<p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein in the blood is involved in creating colloid osmotic pressure?

<p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of human serum albumin?

<p>Transports substances in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the deficiency called when there is a lack of albumin in the blood?

<p>Hypoalbuminemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What creates colloid osmotic or oncotic pressure in the blood?

<p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does anemia refer to?

<p>Low red blood cell count</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of red blood cells (erythrocytes)?

<p>Transporting hemoglobin and carrying oxygen from the lungs to the tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is found in red blood cells that catalyzes the reversible reaction between carbon dioxide and water?

<p>Carbonic anhydrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apart from transporting hemoglobin, what other function do red blood cells perform?

<p>Containing enzymes such as catalase and cholinesterase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plasma proteins are involved in the transport of lipids, hemoglobin, iron, cortisol, and cobalamins?

<p>Plasma α1, α2 and γ globulins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of albumin in the blood?

<p>Creating osmotic pressure and transporting various substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of hemoglobin leaks through the capillary membrane into tissue spaces or the glomerular filtrate?

<p>3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apart from proteins, what other components are present in human plasma?

<p>Nutrients, metabolic residues, hormones, gases, and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are red blood cells initially produced during the early weeks of embryonic life?

<p>Yolk sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which organ are red blood cells produced exclusively during the last month of gestation and after birth?

<p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

At approximately what age does the marrow of most long bones become fatty and produce no more red blood cells?

<p>20 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell is responsible for producing all the cells of the circulating blood?

<p>MPHSC</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviation used to designate a committed stem cell that produces erythrocytes?

<p>CFU-E</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a small portion of multipotential hematopoietic stem cells as a person ages?

<p>They diminish in number</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the marrow of essentially all bones produce red blood cells until a person is about 5 years old?

<p>Long bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein promotes the growth and reproduction of virtually all different types of committed stem cells?

<p>Interleukin-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of differentiation inducers?

<p>Inducing differentiation of committed stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the growth, differentiation, and production of greatly increased numbers of red blood cells?

<p>Low oxygen exposure for a long time</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do infectious diseases have on white blood cells?

<p>Growth, differentiation, and formation of specific types of white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell is the first to be identified as belonging to the red blood cell series?

<p>Proerythroblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of basophil erythroblasts?

<p>Fill with hemoglobin to a concentration of about 34%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the nucleus in the later stages of red blood cell formation?

<p>It is extruded from the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the formation of large numbers of red blood cells from CFU-E stem cells?

<p>Appropriate stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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