10 Questions
What is the term for red blood cells that have a irregular shape and are fragmented?
Dysmorphic
What can be used to lyse RBCs and provide clear observation of yeast, oil droplets, and WBCs?
Acetic acid
What is the normal value for red blood cells per high power field (hpf)?
0-2 to 3/hpf
What is the term for red blood cells that are non-nucleated and biconcave in shape?
Smooth
What is associated with an increased number of red blood cells?
Damage to the glomerular membrane
What is the term for red blood cells that appear as ghost cells?
Hypotonic
Which of the following is characterized by refractility and possible different plane?
Air bubbles
What is the significance of observing crenated RBCs in a sample?
Indicates hypertonic urine
What is the purpose of supravital staining?
To provide further clarification of observed cells
What is the significance of observing starch in a sample?
Is refractile and polarizes
Study Notes
Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
- Smooth, non-nucleated biconcave disks in shape
- Can be classified into different types based on appearance and urine conditions:
- Crenated RBCs: seen in hypertonic/hypersthenuric urine
- Ghost cells: seen in hypotonic/hyposthenuric urine
- Dysmorphic RBCs: indicative of glomerular membrane damage, often fragmented, hypochromic, acanthocytic, or with blebs
- Aids in diagnosis and indicates glomerular bleeding
- Can be affected by strenuous exercise
Yeast, Oil Droplets, and Air Bubbles
- Yeast: identified by buddings, can be confirmed by lysing RBCs with acetic acid
- Oil droplets: highly refractile, can be confirmed by lysing RBCs with acetic acid
- Air bubbles: exhibit refractility and may appear in a different plane
Starch and Reagent Strip Correlation
- Starch: refractile and polarizes
- Reagent strip correlation: helpful in confirming observations
Importance of RBC Count
- Normal value: 0-2 to 3/hpf
- Increased RBC count associated with:
- Damage to glomerular membrane
- Vascular injury to genitourinary tract
- Renal calculi
- Number of cells indicates extent of damage
Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
- Smooth, non-nucleated biconcave disks in shape
- Can be classified into different types based on appearance and urine conditions:
- Crenated RBCs: seen in hypertonic/hypersthenuric urine
- Ghost cells: seen in hypotonic/hyposthenuric urine
- Dysmorphic RBCs: indicative of glomerular membrane damage, often fragmented, hypochromic, acanthocytic, or with blebs
- Aids in diagnosis and indicates glomerular bleeding
- Can be affected by strenuous exercise
Yeast, Oil Droplets, and Air Bubbles
- Yeast: identified by buddings, can be confirmed by lysing RBCs with acetic acid
- Oil droplets: highly refractile, can be confirmed by lysing RBCs with acetic acid
- Air bubbles: exhibit refractility and may appear in a different plane
Starch and Reagent Strip Correlation
- Starch: refractile and polarizes
- Reagent strip correlation: helpful in confirming observations
Importance of RBC Count
- Normal value: 0-2 to 3/hpf
- Increased RBC count associated with:
- Damage to glomerular membrane
- Vascular injury to genitourinary tract
- Renal calculi
- Number of cells indicates extent of damage
Identify and describe different types of red blood cells, including crenated, ghost cells, and dysmorphic cells, and their characteristics in relation to urine and medical conditions. This quiz also covers the identification of yeast, oil droplets, air bubbles, and starch.
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