Red Blood Cell Functions and Lifespan
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of red blood cells?

  • Carrying oxygen to the tissues (correct)
  • Eliminating toxins from the body
  • Transporting nutrients to the tissues
  • Producing energy for the body
  • How many haemoglobin molecules are approximately found in each red blood cell?

  • 640 million (correct)
  • 740 million
  • 800 million
  • 500 million
  • Which type of haemoglobin is dominant in adult blood after 3–6 months of age?

  • Hb F
  • Hb C
  • Hb A2
  • Hb A (correct)
  • What vitamin acts as a coenzyme for the synthesis of haemoglobin?

    <p>Vitamin B6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does haem synthesis mostly occur in the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is the key rate-limiting enzyme in the haem synthesis process?

    <p>ALA synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main indication for the use of erythropoietin?

    <p>End-stage renal disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone deficiency may be associated with anaemia?

    <p>Thyroxine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal percentage range of Hb F (fetal hemoglobin) in adult blood?

    <p>1.5-3.2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is NOT mentioned as being associated with anaemia?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are potential side effects of erythropoietin therapy?

    <p>Local injection site reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is valuable in predicting an effective response to erythropoietin therapy?

    <p>Low serum erythropoietin level prior to treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is the most abundant in the membrane skeleton?

    <p>α spectrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the structural proteins that form the membrane skeleton?

    <p>α and β spectrin, protein 4.1, and ankyrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the α and β spectrin chains associate to form tetramers?

    <p>Head to head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the tetramers of spectrin link to at their tail end?

    <p>Actin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To what does the β spectrin chains attach at the head end?

    <p>Ankyrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Vertical connections' in the membrane skeleton are associated with which transmembrane protein?

    <p>Protein band 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated total distance traveled by a red blood cell in its 120-day lifespan?

    <p>480 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway is responsible for generating energy as ATP in a red blood cell?

    <p>Embden–Meyerhof pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of NADPH in a red blood cell?

    <p>Maintain SH groups intact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which pathway does approximately 10% of glycolysis occur in a red blood cell?

    <p>Hexose monophosphate pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical condition makes red cells extremely susceptible to oxidant stress?

    <p>G6PD deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of glucose metabolism in a red blood cell?

    <p>Lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the classification of anaemia based on red cell indices, how many main categories are identified?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological condition results in a high mean corpuscular volume (MCV)?

    <p>Infancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in normal pregnancy indicate?

    <p>Normal physiological change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is measurement of leucocyte and platelet counts important in distinguishing different conditions?

    <p>To differentiate between 'pure' anaemia and 'pancytopenia'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'pancytopenia' suggest about the marrow?

    <p>Marrow hypoplasia or infiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does the red cell indices NOT provide information about in anaemia classification?

    <p>'Pancytopenia' causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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