Recursos educativos gratuitos chemical bond 1

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Questions and Answers

Which type of bond is formed when atoms share one, two, or three pairs of electrons?

  • Dative bond
  • Coordinate bond
  • Covalent bond (correct)
  • Ionic bond

Which type of bond is formed when one atom contributes all of the shared electron pairs?

  • Coordinate bond (correct)
  • Dative bond
  • Ionic bond
  • Covalent bond

What is the term for a positively charged ion?

  • Anion
  • Electrovalent
  • Dative
  • Cation (correct)

What is the term for a negatively charged ion?

<p>Anion (D)</p>
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What is the term for the number of electrons that an atom gains or loses to form an ionic bond?

<p>Electrovalency (D)</p>
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What factors influence the formation of cations and anions in an ionic compound?

<p>Low ionisation potential and high electron affinity (D)</p>
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What type of compounds are formed as a result of the transfer of electrons between elements?

<p>Ionic compounds (C)</p>
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Which of the following is true about the properties of chlorine atom and chloride ion?

<p>Chlorine atom is yellowish green in color, while chloride ion is colorless. (A)</p>
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Which of the following is true about the electrical state of chlorine atom and chloride ion?

<p>Chlorine atom is neutral, while chloride ion is negatively charged. (D)</p>
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What is the electronic configuration of chlorine atom?

<p>2, 8, 7 (A)</p>
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What is the electronic configuration of chloride ion?

<p>2, 8, 8 (B)</p>
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What is the electrical charge of sodium ion?

<p>+1 (A)</p>
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What is the electrical charge of chloride ion?

<p>-1 (D)</p>
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What is the molecular formula of magnesium chloride?

<p>MgCl2 (D)</p>
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Which of the following is the definition of a chemical bond?

<p>The force of attraction between any two atoms in a molecule to maintain stability (C)</p>
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Which of the following elements has an octet in its outermost shell?

<p>Neon (D)</p>
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What is the electronic configuration of helium?

<p>2 (C)</p>
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What is the atomic number of radon?

<p>86 (B)</p>
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What is the main cause of chemical combination?

<p>The tendency of elements to acquire the nearest noble gas configuration in their outermost orbit (A)</p>
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What is the electronic configuration of argon?

<p>2 18 8 8 8 (A)</p>
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What is the electronic configuration of xenon?

<p>2 8 18 36 (D)</p>
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Which type of ion is formed when a magnesium atom loses two electrons?

<p>Mg2+ (B)</p>
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How many chlorine atoms are required to form two chloride ions when a magnesium atom donates two electrons?

<p>2 (A)</p>
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What is the electron configuration of a calcium ion?

<p>2, 8, 8, 2 (C)</p>
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What is the charge of an oxygen ion?

<p>O2- (C)</p>
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What is the electron dot structure of calcium oxide (CaO)?

<p>Ca2+ + O2- (C)</p>
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In the formation of an electrovalent bond, which atom undergoes oxidation?

<p>Electropositive atom (B)</p>
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In the reaction between sodium and chlorine to form sodium chloride, which atom is reduced?

<p>Chlorine (D)</p>
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What is the oxidizing agent in the reaction between hydrogen and Cu(II) oxide?

<p>Cu(II) oxide (C)</p>
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What is the reducing agent in the reaction between hydrogen and Cu(II) oxide?

<p>Hydrogen (C)</p>
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Why are ionic compounds stable?

<p>Ionic compounds are stable because the electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges is much higher than the repulsive force between like charges.</p>
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What factors influence the formation of cations and anions in an ionic compound?

<p>The factors that influence the formation of cations and anions in an ionic compound are low ionization potential, high electron affinity, and large electronegativity difference.</p>
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What is the most electronegative element?

<p>Fluorine is the most electronegative element.</p>
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What is the electronic configuration of a sodium atom?

<p>The electronic configuration of a sodium atom is 2, 8, 1.</p>
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What is the charge of a chloride ion?

<p>The charge of a chloride ion is -1.</p>
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What is the electron dot structure of calcium oxide (CaO)?

<p>The electron dot structure of calcium oxide (CaO) is Ca: [2, 8, 2] and O: [2, 6].</p>
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What type of compounds are formed as a result of the transfer of electrons between elements?

<p>Ionic (or electrovalent) compounds are formed as a result of the transfer of electrons between elements.</p>
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What are the properties of a chlorine atom?

<p>Yellowish green color, poisonous, odorless, very active, incomplete outermost shell, neutral electrical state, not independent existence</p>
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What are the properties of a chloride ion?

<p>Colorless, non-poisonous, suffocating odor, inactive, complete outermost shell, negatively charged electrical state, independent existence</p>
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What is the electronic configuration of a sodium ion?

<p>2, 8</p>
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What is the electronic configuration of a chloride ion?

<p>2, 8, 8</p>
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What is the electron dot symbol for an atom?

<p>The symbol of the element surrounded by dots representing the outermost shell electrons</p>
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What is the molecular formula of magnesium chloride?

<p>MgCl2</p>
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What are the properties of calcium oxide?

<p>Highly reactive, incomplete outermost shell, positive electrical state</p>
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What is the definition of a chemical bond?

<p>A chemical bond may be defined as the force of attraction between any two atoms, in a molecule, to maintain stability.</p>
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What are the three methods in which atoms can achieve a stable configuration?

<p>The three methods in which atoms can achieve a stable configuration are: (1) The transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other to form an electrovalent (or an ionic) bond, (2) The sharing of electrons between atoms to form a covalent bond, and (3) The presence of a metallic bond, where electrons are shared among a large number of atoms.</p>
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What is the electron arrangement of an inert gas?

<p>The electron arrangement of an inert gas is octet in its outermost shell, meaning it has eight electrons.</p>
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Why are atoms with complete outermost shell unreactive?

<p>Atoms with complete outermost shell are unreactive because they are very stable.</p>
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What is the term for the force of attraction between atoms in a molecule?

<p>The term for the force of attraction between atoms in a molecule is a chemical bond.</p>
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Which elements have complete outermost shells?

<p>The elements with complete outermost shells are the inert gases, such as helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.</p>
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What is the significance of having 8 electrons (or 2 electrons in the case of helium) in the outermost shell?

<p>Having 8 electrons (or 2 electrons in the case of helium) in the outermost shell makes atoms very stable and unreactive.</p>
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What is the process known as when there is a transfer of electron(s) involved in the formation of an electrovalent bond?

<p>REDOX PROCESS</p>
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What is the molecular formula of sodium chloride?

<p>NaCl</p>
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What is the half reaction for oxidation in the formation of sodium chloride?

<p>2Na -&gt; 2Na+ + 2e</p>
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What is the half reaction for reduction in the formation of sodium chloride?

<p>Cl2 + 2e -&gt; 2Cl-</p>
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What is the reducing agent in the formation of sodium chloride?

<p>Sodium (Na)</p>
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What is the oxidizing agent in the formation of sodium chloride?

<p>Chlorine (Cl2)</p>
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In the reaction between hydrogen and Cu(II) oxide, which atom is reduced?

<p>Cu(II) oxide (Cu2+)</p>
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What is the half reaction for reduction in the reaction between hydrogen and Cu(II) oxide?

<p>Cu2+ + 2e -&gt; Cu</p>
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What is the electron configuration of xenon?

<p>[Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p6</p>
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Study Notes

Formación de enlaces iónicos

  • Los átomos buscan estabilidad química mediante la adquisición de la configuración electrónica de un gas noble.
  • Los gases nobles tienen 8 electrones en su capa externa, excepto el helio que tiene 2.
  • Los átomos pueden lograr estabilidad mediante la transferencia de electrones (enlaces iónicos), compartiendo electrones (enlaces covalentes) o donando pares de electrones (enlaces de coordinación).
  • Los enlaces iónicos ocurren entre átomos metálicos y no metálicos.
  • Los átomos metálicos pierden electrones para formar iones positivos (cationes).
  • Los átomos no metálicos ganan electrones para formar iones negativos (aniones).
  • Los iones opuestamente cargados se atraen y forman un enlace iónico.
  • Los compuestos iónicos son estables debido a la fuerza electrostática de atracción entre los iones.
  • Los metales del grupo 1, 2 y 13 tienden a perder electrones y formar cationes.
  • Los no metales del grupo 15, 16 y 17 tienden a ganar electrones y formar aniones.
  • La diferencia en la electronegatividad entre los átomos metálicos y no metálicos determina la naturaleza iónica del compuesto formado.
  • Los compuestos iónicos más comunes son el cloruro de sodio (NaCl) y el cloruro de magnesio (MgCl2).
  • Los átomos de sodio y cloro forman un enlace iónico en el cloruro de sodio, donde el átomo de sodio pierde un electrón y el átomo de cloro gana ese electrón.

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