CSD 2C | Rectal Examination GI
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a common indication for a rectal examination?

  • Perianal pruritus
  • Nausea and vomiting (correct)
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Rectal bleeding
  • What is the length of the anal canal from the anorectal junction to the anal verge?

  • 10 - 15 cm
  • 3 - 5 cm (correct)
  • 5 - 8 cm
  • 1 - 3 cm
  • What is the absolute contraindication for a digital rectal examination?

  • Lack of consent (correct)
  • Anal strictures
  • Severe anal pain prompting anesthesia
  • Recent anal surgery
  • In men, what is one of the primary reasons for performing a digital rectal examination?

    <p>To screen for suspected prostatic cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a relative contraindication for a digital rectal examination?

    <p>Anorectal mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of routine digital rectal examination according to the article by Manimaran N and Galland RB?

    <p>Diagnosis of abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During rectal examination, how far should the digit be inserted into the rectum?

    <p>Approximately 4 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the rectum and anal canal?

    <p>Internal iliac artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical location of an anal fissure in the perianal region?

    <p>Posterior midline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What position can be chosen for perianal inspection during a digital rectal examination?

    <p>Lithotomy position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When assessing stool color, what does black and tarry stool indicate?

    <p>Bleeding from upper gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Bristol Stool Scale (BSS) characterize?

    <p>Stool consistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be performed if there is no gross blood after a rectal examination?

    <p>Perform a fecal occult blood test on the residual matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the columns of Morgani located?

    <p>Superior half of the rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a pale and greasy stool suggest?

    <p>Steatorrhea plus upper gastrointestinal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be performed if there is gross blood after withdrawing your finger during a rectal examination?

    <p>Perform a fecal occult blood test on the residual matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to prompt a Valsalva maneuver during perianal inspection?

    <p>Instruct the patient to deeply inhale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate length of the anal canal in adults?

    <p>3 to 5 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical structure demarcates the rectosigmoid junction?

    <p>Teniae coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main responsibility of the internal anal sphincter?

    <p>Provides continuous anal contraction for anal continence between bowel movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a topical anesthetic during digital rectal examination?

    <p>In case the patient has local discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is anoscopy indicated?

    <p>When disease in the anal canal is suspected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equipment is needed to perform anoscopy?

    <p>An anoscope, cotton swabs, tissue paper, and a dedicated light source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main responsibility of the external anal sphincter?

    <p>Voluntary control for additional continence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What position can be used for digital rectal examination and anoscopy?

    <p>Standing, lithotomy, knee-to-chest, and prone positions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical structures differ in females and males anterior to the rectum?

    <p>Prostate and vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What demarcates the anorectal junction?

    <p>Puborectalis muscle ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated in patients who present with perianal pruritus?

    <p>Digital rectal examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using two gloves on the dominant hand and one glove on the nondominant hand before beginning the examination?

    <p>To prevent contamination of both hands during the examination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a digital rectal examination not needed in a patient with severe anal pain?

    <p>If a fissure or a thrombosed external hemorrhoid is clearly visualized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of asking the patient to bear down during the digital rectal examination?

    <p>To relax the anal sphincter and increase patient comfort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended external diameter of an anoscope for most adults?

    <p>19 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When inserting the anoscope, what maneuver may make the insertion easier for the patient?

    <p>Asking the patient to take deep breaths and bear down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if any fecal matter is observed during anoscopy?

    <p>Remove it with a large swab.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended to prevent complications such as patient discomfort and perianal abrasions during digital rectal examination and anoscopy?

    <p>Use lubricant generously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be documented when identifying lesions observed during the physical examination?

    <p>Their anatomical location as anterior, posterior, left, or right.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a local anesthetic is not sufficient to alleviate patient discomfort during examination?

    <p>Refer for examination under general anesthesia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be noted after fully withdrawing the anoscope from the patient's anal canal?

    <p>The presence of any visible blood and fecal matter on the glove.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to remove any fecal matter observed during anoscopy?

    <p>A large swab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which maneuver may help visualize prolapsing hemorrhoids or mucosa in patients whose symptoms suggest prolapse during digital rectal examination?

    <p>Valsalva maneuver</p> Signup and view all the answers

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