Podcast
Questions and Answers
What may be indicated by symptoms such as tenesmus, mucus, blood mixed with stool and back passage discomfort?
What may be indicated by symptoms such as tenesmus, mucus, blood mixed with stool and back passage discomfort?
- Thrombophlebitis
- Varicose veins
- Rectal carcinoma (correct)
- Oedema
What is thought to be the cause of varicose veins in pregnancy?
What is thought to be the cause of varicose veins in pregnancy?
- The increased pressure of the fetus on the inferior vena cava
- The relaxant effect of progesterone on vascular smooth muscle
- The dependent venous stasis caused by the weight of the pregnant uterus on the inferior vena cava
- All of the above (correct)
What is a potential complication of a large superficial varicose vein?
What is a potential complication of a large superficial varicose vein?
- Oedema
- Thrombophlebitis
- Urinary incontinence
- Bleeding profusely if traumatized (correct)
What is a potential underlying cause of severe oedema?
What is a potential underlying cause of severe oedema?
What is the best way to deal with oedema?
What is the best way to deal with oedema?
What is a symptom that may be aggravated by hot weather?
What is a symptom that may be aggravated by hot weather?
What is the percentage of women who have a retroverted uterus?
What is the percentage of women who have a retroverted uterus?
What is the main complication of fibroids in pregnancy?
What is the main complication of fibroids in pregnancy?
What may cause considerable bleeding during delivery?
What may cause considerable bleeding during delivery?
What is the treatment for red fibroid degeneration?
What is the treatment for red fibroid degeneration?
What is a rare complication of varicose veins?
What is a rare complication of varicose veins?
What is the differential diagnosis for red fibroid degeneration?
What is the differential diagnosis for red fibroid degeneration?
What is the location of intramural fibroids?
What is the location of intramural fibroids?
What is the effect of a large fibroid at the cervix?
What is the effect of a large fibroid at the cervix?
What happens to a retroverted uterus in pregnancy?
What happens to a retroverted uterus in pregnancy?
What can a subserous pedunculated fibroid do?
What can a subserous pedunculated fibroid do?
What is a possible complication of a retroverted uterus in pregnancy?
What is a possible complication of a retroverted uterus in pregnancy?
At what gestation is urinary retention likely to occur in a retroverted uterus?
At what gestation is urinary retention likely to occur in a retroverted uterus?
What is the treatment for urinary retention in a retroverted uterus?
What is the treatment for urinary retention in a retroverted uterus?
What is the embryological origin of uterine anomalies?
What is the embryological origin of uterine anomalies?
What is a complication of a bicornuate uterus?
What is a complication of a bicornuate uterus?
What is the most common type of ovarian cyst in pregnancy?
What is the most common type of ovarian cyst in pregnancy?
What is the indication for surgical intervention in a pregnant woman with an ovarian cyst?
What is the indication for surgical intervention in a pregnant woman with an ovarian cyst?
What is a potential complication of a large ovarian cyst in pregnancy?
What is a potential complication of a large ovarian cyst in pregnancy?
What is the primary reason for the difficulty in dealing with cervical abnormalities in pregnancy?
What is the primary reason for the difficulty in dealing with cervical abnormalities in pregnancy?
What is the significance of family history in the assessment of ovarian cysts?
What is the significance of family history in the assessment of ovarian cysts?
What is the primary reason for performing surgery in late second and third trimester of pregnancy through a midline or paramedian incision?
What is the primary reason for performing surgery in late second and third trimester of pregnancy through a midline or paramedian incision?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of cervical carcinoma?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of cervical carcinoma?
Why is it challenging to diagnose abdominal pain in pregnancy?
Why is it challenging to diagnose abdominal pain in pregnancy?
What is the primary concern in managing cervical carcinoma in pregnancy?
What is the primary concern in managing cervical carcinoma in pregnancy?
What is the purpose of tumour markers in the assessment of ovarian cysts?
What is the purpose of tumour markers in the assessment of ovarian cysts?
Why is a low transverse suprapubic incision not suitable for ovarian cyst surgery in late pregnancy?
Why is a low transverse suprapubic incision not suitable for ovarian cyst surgery in late pregnancy?
What is the potential risk of delayed diagnosis of abdominal pain in pregnancy?
What is the potential risk of delayed diagnosis of abdominal pain in pregnancy?
Which of the following is not an obstetric condition that may cause abdominal pain in early pregnancy?
Which of the following is not an obstetric condition that may cause abdominal pain in early pregnancy?
What is the name of the condition that may cause abdominal pain in pregnancy due to the abnormal breakdown of hemoglobin in sickle cell disease?
What is the name of the condition that may cause abdominal pain in pregnancy due to the abnormal breakdown of hemoglobin in sickle cell disease?
Which of the following is a medical condition that may cause abdominal pain in pregnancy?
Which of the following is a medical condition that may cause abdominal pain in pregnancy?
What is the name of the condition that may cause abdominal pain in pregnancy due to the breakdown of fatty acids in diabetic ketoacidosis?
What is the name of the condition that may cause abdominal pain in pregnancy due to the breakdown of fatty acids in diabetic ketoacidosis?
Which of the following is a gastrointestinal disorder that may cause abdominal pain in pregnancy?
Which of the following is a gastrointestinal disorder that may cause abdominal pain in pregnancy?
Study Notes
Symptoms to Be Aware Of
- Warning symptoms of rectal carcinoma: tenesmus, mucus, blood mixed with stool, and back passage discomfort
- Importance of rectal digital examination if these symptoms are present
Varicose Veins
- Causes: relaxant effect of progesterone on vascular smooth muscle and dependent venous stasis caused by the weight of the pregnant uterus on the inferior vena cava (IVC)
- Symptoms: worsened by standing for prolonged periods
- Treatment: support stockings, avoidance of standing for prolonged periods, and simple analgesia
- Complications: thrombophlebitis, bleeding if traumatized
Oedema
- Common in approximately 80% of all pregnancies
- Causes: generalized soft-tissue swelling and increased capillary permeability
- Symptoms: fingers, toes, and ankles are usually worst affected, worsened by hot weather
- Treatment: frequent periods of rest with leg elevation, support stockings if necessary
- Important to rule out pre-eclampsia and underlying cardiac or renal impairment
Other Common "Minor" Disorders
- Itching
- Urinary incontinence
- Nose-bleeds
- Thrush (vaginal candidiasis)
- Headache
- Fainting
- Breast soreness
- Tiredness
- Altered taste sensation
- Insomnia
- Leg cramps
- Striae gravidarum and chloasma
Problems Due to Abnormalities of the Pelvic Organs
Fibroids (Leiomyomata)
- Description: compact masses of smooth muscle in the uterus
- Types: submucous, intramural, and subserous
- Complications: enlargement in pregnancy, obstruction of vaginal delivery, and red degeneration
- Symptoms of red degeneration: acute pain, tenderness, and frequent vomiting
- Treatment of red degeneration: potent analgesics and intravenous fluids in hospital
Other Abnormalities
- Retroversion of the uterus: 15% of women, may cause retention of urine
- Congenital uterine anomalies: abnormalities of fusion of Müllerian ducts, may cause miscarriage, preterm labour, and other complications
- Ovarian cysts in pregnancy: common, often asymptomatic, but may cause torsion, haemorrhage, or rupture
- Cervical cancer: difficult to diagnose in pregnancy, may require termination of pregnancy for treatment
Abdominal Pain in Pregnancy
- Distinguishing pathological from physiological pain is challenging
- Causes: obstetric conditions, pregnancy-related conditions, medical causes, and others
- Importance of early diagnosis and treatment to avoid serious consequences
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Description
This quiz covers the symptoms and importance of rectal digital examination for rectal carcinoma, as well as the causes and treatment of varicose veins in pregnant women.
