Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which procedure involves surgically shortening the cervix to prevent premature dilation?
Which procedure involves surgically shortening the cervix to prevent premature dilation?
- Hysterectomy
- Salpingectomy
- Cerclage (correct)
- Dilation and curettage (D&C)
A patient in her third trimester presents with sudden onset of vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and a rigid abdomen, which condition is most consistent with these signs and symptoms?
A patient in her third trimester presents with sudden onset of vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and a rigid abdomen, which condition is most consistent with these signs and symptoms?
- Placenta previa
- Placenta accreta
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Placenta abruptio (correct)
A patient is experiencing excessive nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, leading to dehydration, electrolyte-imbalance, and weight loss. What condition do these symptoms indicate?
A patient is experiencing excessive nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, leading to dehydration, electrolyte-imbalance, and weight loss. What condition do these symptoms indicate?
- Preeclampsia
- Threatened abortion
- Hyperemesis gravidarum (correct)
- Ectopic pregnancy
Which of the following is a potential danger directly associated with isoimmunization in pregnancy?
Which of the following is a potential danger directly associated with isoimmunization in pregnancy?
What does 'viable' mean in the context of pregnancy?
What does 'viable' mean in the context of pregnancy?
Which of these procedures involves the removal of an ectopic pregnancy?
Which of these procedures involves the removal of an ectopic pregnancy?
A patient with hyperemesis gravidarum has elevated levels of what substances in their blood and urine as a result of persistent vomiting and dehydration?
A patient with hyperemesis gravidarum has elevated levels of what substances in their blood and urine as a result of persistent vomiting and dehydration?
Which of the following conditions involves abnormal growth of trophoblastic tissue, potentially leading to a tumor?
Which of the following conditions involves abnormal growth of trophoblastic tissue, potentially leading to a tumor?
A patient with hyperemesis gravidarum is being monitored for dehydration. Which lab result would be most indicative of dehydration?
A patient with hyperemesis gravidarum is being monitored for dehydration. Which lab result would be most indicative of dehydration?
Which action is most important for a nurse to take when caring for a patient with hyperemesis gravidarum?
Which action is most important for a nurse to take when caring for a patient with hyperemesis gravidarum?
What is the primary focus of therapeutic communication when a patient misses prenatal appointments?
What is the primary focus of therapeutic communication when a patient misses prenatal appointments?
A patient at 10 weeks gestation experiences vaginal bleeding and cramping. Which type of abortion is most likely?
A patient at 10 weeks gestation experiences vaginal bleeding and cramping. Which type of abortion is most likely?
Which of the following is NOT a typical cause of spontaneous abortion?
Which of the following is NOT a typical cause of spontaneous abortion?
What is the definition of fetal viability?
What is the definition of fetal viability?
A patient experiences a spontaneous abortion but some products of conception remain. Which type of abortion does this indicate?
A patient experiences a spontaneous abortion but some products of conception remain. Which type of abortion does this indicate?
After a spontaneous abortion, a patient continues to experience heavy bleeding. Which procedure might be required?
After a spontaneous abortion, a patient continues to experience heavy bleeding. Which procedure might be required?
What is the primary risk factor associated with hyperemesis gravidarum according to the provided information?
What is the primary risk factor associated with hyperemesis gravidarum according to the provided information?
Which of the following is a potential fetal complication resulting from the dehydration associated with hyperemesis gravidarum?
Which of the following is a potential fetal complication resulting from the dehydration associated with hyperemesis gravidarum?
A patient reports dark urine, bloody vomitus, and abdominal pain. What should be the nurse's most immediate action?
A patient reports dark urine, bloody vomitus, and abdominal pain. What should be the nurse's most immediate action?
What percentage of weight loss is typically associated with hyperemesis gravidarum?
What percentage of weight loss is typically associated with hyperemesis gravidarum?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended dietary measure for a patient with hyperemesis gravidarum?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended dietary measure for a patient with hyperemesis gravidarum?
What is the purpose of monitoring ketones in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum?
What is the purpose of monitoring ketones in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum?
Which lab finding is NOT a primary indicator of hyperemesis gravidarum?
Which lab finding is NOT a primary indicator of hyperemesis gravidarum?
Which hormone is theorized to cause smooth muscle relaxation and delayed gastric emptying, contributing to hyperemesis gravidarum?
Which hormone is theorized to cause smooth muscle relaxation and delayed gastric emptying, contributing to hyperemesis gravidarum?
A nurse is teaching a patient how to monitor for dehydration at home. Which signs should the nurse mention?
A nurse is teaching a patient how to monitor for dehydration at home. Which signs should the nurse mention?
What is a common medication used to control bleeding by causing uterine contractions after a spontaneous abortion?
What is a common medication used to control bleeding by causing uterine contractions after a spontaneous abortion?
What is a common non-pharmacological treatment that can be effective for some women with hyperemesis gravidarum?
What is a common non-pharmacological treatment that can be effective for some women with hyperemesis gravidarum?
A patient is diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum past 20 weeks' gestation. Which condition is she at an increased risk of developing?
A patient is diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum past 20 weeks' gestation. Which condition is she at an increased risk of developing?
A patient experiences the death of a fetus during the first half of pregnancy; however, the fetus is not expelled. What type of abortion does this describe?
A patient experiences the death of a fetus during the first half of pregnancy; however, the fetus is not expelled. What type of abortion does this describe?
What is an appropriate first-line medication that may be used to treat hyperemesis gravidarum?
What is an appropriate first-line medication that may be used to treat hyperemesis gravidarum?
A patient with a history of missed prenatal appointments states, 'My grandmother has answered my questions. I am really doing fine.' What is the most appropriate therapeutic response from the nurse?
A patient with a history of missed prenatal appointments states, 'My grandmother has answered my questions. I am really doing fine.' What is the most appropriate therapeutic response from the nurse?
What should a nurse recognize regarding a patient's ability to adhere to a treatment plan?
What should a nurse recognize regarding a patient's ability to adhere to a treatment plan?
What does the term 'adherence' refer to in the context of patient care?
What does the term 'adherence' refer to in the context of patient care?
A woman in her first trimester who is experiencing severe nausea and vomiting may be diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum, what is MOST important for the nurse to assess?
A woman in her first trimester who is experiencing severe nausea and vomiting may be diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum, what is MOST important for the nurse to assess?
If a patient with hyperemesis gravidarum requires hospitalization, which intervention should the nurse anticipate?
If a patient with hyperemesis gravidarum requires hospitalization, which intervention should the nurse anticipate?
Which of the following conditions is NOT directly associated with hyperemesis gravidarum?
Which of the following conditions is NOT directly associated with hyperemesis gravidarum?
Which of these factors does NOT contribute to the development of hyperemesis gravidarum, based on the information provided?
Which of these factors does NOT contribute to the development of hyperemesis gravidarum, based on the information provided?
A patient with hyperemesis gravidarum is experiencing dry mouth, poor skin turgor, and concentrated urine. Which of the following is the most appropriate primary nursing diagnosis?
A patient with hyperemesis gravidarum is experiencing dry mouth, poor skin turgor, and concentrated urine. Which of the following is the most appropriate primary nursing diagnosis?
What is a primary advantage of using a suction D&C for managing a missed abortion before 13 weeks?
What is a primary advantage of using a suction D&C for managing a missed abortion before 13 weeks?
Which medication is typically administered before misoprostol in a medical abortion protocol for an incomplete abortion?
Which medication is typically administered before misoprostol in a medical abortion protocol for an incomplete abortion?
A patient with a suspected ectopic pregnancy presents with severe abdominal pain and shoulder pain. What is the most likely cause of the shoulder pain?
A patient with a suspected ectopic pregnancy presents with severe abdominal pain and shoulder pain. What is the most likely cause of the shoulder pain?
What is a key criterion for using methotrexate to treat an ectopic pregnancy?
What is a key criterion for using methotrexate to treat an ectopic pregnancy?
A patient is being treated with methotrexate for an ectopic pregnancy. What dietary restriction is important for her to follow?
A patient is being treated with methotrexate for an ectopic pregnancy. What dietary restriction is important for her to follow?
After a D&C for a missed abortion, what should a nurse advise a patient to report as a warning sign?
After a D&C for a missed abortion, what should a nurse advise a patient to report as a warning sign?
A nurse is preparing to administer Rho(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM). Which patient requires this medication?
A nurse is preparing to administer Rho(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM). Which patient requires this medication?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for an ectopic pregnancy?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for an ectopic pregnancy?
What does the term 'ectopic' mean in relation to pregnancy?
What does the term 'ectopic' mean in relation to pregnancy?
When advising a patient about medical management of a missed abortion, what should a nurse explain about the timing of tissue passage?
When advising a patient about medical management of a missed abortion, what should a nurse explain about the timing of tissue passage?
Which of the following medications would likely be administered to control bleeding following a miscarriage or abortion?
Which of the following medications would likely be administered to control bleeding following a miscarriage or abortion?
A patient is being taught about iron intake post-abortion. Which of the following is the most appropriate advice?
A patient is being taught about iron intake post-abortion. Which of the following is the most appropriate advice?
A patient had an elective abortion and has since returned to discuss family planning. When should a provider advise her to wait before attempting another pregnancy?
A patient had an elective abortion and has since returned to discuss family planning. When should a provider advise her to wait before attempting another pregnancy?
Besides bleeding or infection, what is another potential risk associated with the medical management of a missed abortion?
Besides bleeding or infection, what is another potential risk associated with the medical management of a missed abortion?
Following an abortion, a nurse is educating a patient, what should the patient know regarding resuming sexual activity?
Following an abortion, a nurse is educating a patient, what should the patient know regarding resuming sexual activity?
What does a stable blood pressure and pulse rate indicate after an ectopic pregnancy?
What does a stable blood pressure and pulse rate indicate after an ectopic pregnancy?
What surgical procedure involves removing the products of conception from the fallopian tube through a small incision?
What surgical procedure involves removing the products of conception from the fallopian tube through a small incision?
When is RhoGAM administered to an Rh-negative woman after an ectopic pregnancy?
When is RhoGAM administered to an Rh-negative woman after an ectopic pregnancy?
Which of these signs indicates that a patient with an ectopic pregnancy is experiencing hypovolemic shock?
Which of these signs indicates that a patient with an ectopic pregnancy is experiencing hypovolemic shock?
What is the most common type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD)?
What is the most common type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD)?
In a complete molar pregnancy, what is the origin of the genetic material?
In a complete molar pregnancy, what is the origin of the genetic material?
What is a key diagnostic feature of hydatidiform mole?
What is a key diagnostic feature of hydatidiform mole?
How is a molar pregnancy typically managed?
How is a molar pregnancy typically managed?
What is the primary purpose of administering IV oxytocin after the evacuation of a molar pregnancy?
What is the primary purpose of administering IV oxytocin after the evacuation of a molar pregnancy?
What is a potential complication following a molar pregnancy?
What is a potential complication following a molar pregnancy?
Why is a chest x-ray ordered after the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole?
Why is a chest x-ray ordered after the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole?
Which of the following is an appropriate patient teaching point for patients who have experienced an ectopic pregnancy?
Which of the following is an appropriate patient teaching point for patients who have experienced an ectopic pregnancy?
What does the term 'salpingectomy' refer to?
What does the term 'salpingectomy' refer to?
What is a partial molar pregnancy?
What is a partial molar pregnancy?
How long should patients avoid pregnancy for after a hydatidiform mole?
How long should patients avoid pregnancy for after a hydatidiform mole?
Which of the following is a critical assessment finding for a patient who has had a hydatidiform mole, indicating potential shock?
Which of the following is a critical assessment finding for a patient who has had a hydatidiform mole, indicating potential shock?
Why is it important to administer RhoGAM to an Rh-negative woman following a hydatidiform mole?
Why is it important to administer RhoGAM to an Rh-negative woman following a hydatidiform mole?
A patient who had a hydatidiform mole should be instructed to avoid which activity until cleared by her healthcare provider?
A patient who had a hydatidiform mole should be instructed to avoid which activity until cleared by her healthcare provider?
What is the primary reason for consistent follow-up after a hydatidiform mole?
What is the primary reason for consistent follow-up after a hydatidiform mole?
Why would a subsequent pregnancy be carefully monitored by early sonographic evaluation after a hydatidiform mole?
Why would a subsequent pregnancy be carefully monitored by early sonographic evaluation after a hydatidiform mole?
What is the conceptual cornerstone of care for women experiencing bleeding disorders of pregnancy, such as spontaneous abortion, and placenta previa?
What is the conceptual cornerstone of care for women experiencing bleeding disorders of pregnancy, such as spontaneous abortion, and placenta previa?
Which nursing intervention is essential for a patient experiencing poor perfusion during a pregnancy-related bleeding event?
Which nursing intervention is essential for a patient experiencing poor perfusion during a pregnancy-related bleeding event?
What is a major risk to a fetus in late pregnancy with a placental attachment problem?
What is a major risk to a fetus in late pregnancy with a placental attachment problem?
Which of the following is associated with an increased risk of placenta previa?
Which of the following is associated with an increased risk of placenta previa?
A patient with placenta previa is exhibiting painless, bright-red bleeding. What type of assessment should be avoided?
A patient with placenta previa is exhibiting painless, bright-red bleeding. What type of assessment should be avoided?
In which type of placenta previa does the placenta completely cover the cervical opening?
In which type of placenta previa does the placenta completely cover the cervical opening?
What is the primary medical management approach for a complete placenta previa?
What is the primary medical management approach for a complete placenta previa?
What does a marginal placenta previa indicate?
What does a marginal placenta previa indicate?
If a laboring patient is experiencing vaginal bleeding, why is it essential to avoid a vaginal cervical examination?
If a laboring patient is experiencing vaginal bleeding, why is it essential to avoid a vaginal cervical examination?
A patient with placenta previa is being monitored with NSTs. Why?
A patient with placenta previa is being monitored with NSTs. Why?
What is the recommended daily caloric intake for a woman carrying twins?
What is the recommended daily caloric intake for a woman carrying twins?
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom that may indicate multiple gestation pregnancy?
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom that may indicate multiple gestation pregnancy?
What is the recommended weight gain for a woman carrying twins during pregnancy?
What is the recommended weight gain for a woman carrying twins during pregnancy?
What is the most common complication associated with multiple gestation pregnancies?
What is the most common complication associated with multiple gestation pregnancies?
When is RhoGAM administered to an Rh-negative mother to prevent isoimmunization?
When is RhoGAM administered to an Rh-negative mother to prevent isoimmunization?
What is the primary goal of medical management in multiple gestation pregnancies?
What is the primary goal of medical management in multiple gestation pregnancies?
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of preterm labor?
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of preterm labor?
What is the primary role of a perinatologist or maternal-fetal medicine specialist in multiple gestation pregnancies?
What is the primary role of a perinatologist or maternal-fetal medicine specialist in multiple gestation pregnancies?
What is the purpose of administering RhoGAM to an Rh-negative mother?
What is the purpose of administering RhoGAM to an Rh-negative mother?
What is the primary purpose of a urinalysis during prenatal visits?
What is the primary purpose of a urinalysis during prenatal visits?
Why is it important for women with multiple gestations to keep all prenatal appointments?
Why is it important for women with multiple gestations to keep all prenatal appointments?
What condition can be indicated by high levels of protein in a pregnant woman's urine?
What condition can be indicated by high levels of protein in a pregnant woman's urine?
What is the main difference between RhoGAM and a direct Coombs' test?
What is the main difference between RhoGAM and a direct Coombs' test?
What is the primary reason for avoiding vaginal cervical examinations in a patient with placenta previa?
What is the primary reason for avoiding vaginal cervical examinations in a patient with placenta previa?
In a patient with placenta previa, which of the following is crucial for nursing care?
In a patient with placenta previa, which of the following is crucial for nursing care?
A patient with placenta previa should be instructed to report which symptom immediately?
A patient with placenta previa should be instructed to report which symptom immediately?
What is the primary difference between a partial and a complete placenta abruption?
What is the primary difference between a partial and a complete placenta abruption?
Which of the following is characterized by a ‘board-like’ abdomen and is MOST indicative of a more advanced abruption?
Which of the following is characterized by a ‘board-like’ abdomen and is MOST indicative of a more advanced abruption?
Hypofibrinogenemia, a condition that decreases clotting time, is a sign of which of the following complications associated with placental abruption?
Hypofibrinogenemia, a condition that decreases clotting time, is a sign of which of the following complications associated with placental abruption?
Which of the following is a common risk factor for placental abruption?
Which of the following is a common risk factor for placental abruption?
A patient with a class 2 placental abruption will likely demonstrate which of the following characteristics?
A patient with a class 2 placental abruption will likely demonstrate which of the following characteristics?
In the management of a severe placental abruption, why might emergency cesarean section be considered?
In the management of a severe placental abruption, why might emergency cesarean section be considered?
What is the primary concern regarding the effect of placental abruption on the fetus?
What is the primary concern regarding the effect of placental abruption on the fetus?
What is the most important nursing intervention when caring for a patient with placenta abruptio?
What is the most important nursing intervention when caring for a patient with placenta abruptio?
A patient with placenta accreta is at high risk for which complication after delivery?
A patient with placenta accreta is at high risk for which complication after delivery?
Which of the following is a defining characteristic of placenta accreta?
Which of the following is a defining characteristic of placenta accreta?
Which type of placenta accreta involves the placenta directly attaching to the myometrium?
Which type of placenta accreta involves the placenta directly attaching to the myometrium?
A pregnant woman presents with a blood pressure of 150/95 mm Hg and proteinuria. Which of the following conditions is most likely?
A pregnant woman presents with a blood pressure of 150/95 mm Hg and proteinuria. Which of the following conditions is most likely?
How should blood loss be monitored in a patient experiencing placenta abruptio?
How should blood loss be monitored in a patient experiencing placenta abruptio?
A patient with chronic hypertension during pregnancy is being monitored for fetal growth restriction. What is the primary reason for this monitoring?
A patient with chronic hypertension during pregnancy is being monitored for fetal growth restriction. What is the primary reason for this monitoring?
A pregnant woman with pre-eclampsia is receiving magnesium sulfate intravenously. What is the primary purpose of this medication?
A pregnant woman with pre-eclampsia is receiving magnesium sulfate intravenously. What is the primary purpose of this medication?
A nurse is caring for a patient with pre-eclampsia who is experiencing severe headaches and visual disturbances. What is the nurse's priority action?
A nurse is caring for a patient with pre-eclampsia who is experiencing severe headaches and visual disturbances. What is the nurse's priority action?
A patient with pre-eclampsia is experiencing oliguria. What is the significance of this finding?
A patient with pre-eclampsia is experiencing oliguria. What is the significance of this finding?
What is the primary difference between chronic hypertension and gestational hypertension?
What is the primary difference between chronic hypertension and gestational hypertension?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended antihypertensive medication for patients with chronic hypertension in pregnancy?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended antihypertensive medication for patients with chronic hypertension in pregnancy?
A patient with pre-eclampsia is being monitored for signs of magnesium toxicity. Which of the following is a sign of magnesium toxicity?
A patient with pre-eclampsia is being monitored for signs of magnesium toxicity. Which of the following is a sign of magnesium toxicity?
What is the most important nursing intervention when caring for a patient with pre-eclampsia?
What is the most important nursing intervention when caring for a patient with pre-eclampsia?
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing pre-eclampsia?
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing pre-eclampsia?
A patient with pre-eclampsia is admitted to the hospital. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to help prevent seizures?
A patient with pre-eclampsia is admitted to the hospital. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to help prevent seizures?
A nurse is caring for a patient with pre-eclampsia who is experiencing severe epigastric pain. What is the significance of this finding?
A nurse is caring for a patient with pre-eclampsia who is experiencing severe epigastric pain. What is the significance of this finding?
A patient with pre-eclampsia is receiving antihypertensive medications. What is the primary goal of this treatment?
A patient with pre-eclampsia is receiving antihypertensive medications. What is the primary goal of this treatment?
A patient with pre-eclampsia is being monitored for signs of HELLP syndrome. What does HELLP syndrome stand for?
A patient with pre-eclampsia is being monitored for signs of HELLP syndrome. What does HELLP syndrome stand for?
What is the most important nursing intervention to help prevent complications for the fetus of a patient with pre-eclampsia?
What is the most important nursing intervention to help prevent complications for the fetus of a patient with pre-eclampsia?
What is the primary purpose of a cerclage procedure?
What is the primary purpose of a cerclage procedure?
At what gestational age is a cerclage typically performed?
At what gestational age is a cerclage typically performed?
Which of these is a common symptom indicative of possible cervical insufficiency?
Which of these is a common symptom indicative of possible cervical insufficiency?
When is a cerclage typically removed?
When is a cerclage typically removed?
An Rh-negative pregnant woman is exposed to fetal blood that is Rh-positive. What condition can occur in the woman?
An Rh-negative pregnant woman is exposed to fetal blood that is Rh-positive. What condition can occur in the woman?
Which test is used to determine if an Rh-negative woman has developed antibodies against Rh-positive blood?
Which test is used to determine if an Rh-negative woman has developed antibodies against Rh-positive blood?
What is the clinical consequence of Rh incompatibility on the fetus?
What is the clinical consequence of Rh incompatibility on the fetus?
If a pregnant woman is Rh-negative and has not developed antibodies against the Rh factor, when is RhoGAM administered?
If a pregnant woman is Rh-negative and has not developed antibodies against the Rh factor, when is RhoGAM administered?
What is the significance of a rise in bilirubin in amniotic fluid during an Rh incompatibility situation?
What is the significance of a rise in bilirubin in amniotic fluid during an Rh incompatibility situation?
When are women with a history of cervical incompetency screened?
When are women with a history of cervical incompetency screened?
Which of these events can potentially cause exposure to fetal blood and subsequent Rh sensitization in a Rh-negative mother?
Which of these events can potentially cause exposure to fetal blood and subsequent Rh sensitization in a Rh-negative mother?
What distinguishes placenta percreta from placenta increta?
What distinguishes placenta percreta from placenta increta?
What complication is most directly prevented by administering RhoGAM?
What complication is most directly prevented by administering RhoGAM?
Which factor is NOT identified as a risk factor for placenta accreta?
Which factor is NOT identified as a risk factor for placenta accreta?
What is the relationship between the mother and fetus that makes isoimmunization a risk during pregnancy?
What is the relationship between the mother and fetus that makes isoimmunization a risk during pregnancy?
What is the primary rationale for performing a hysterectomy in cases of placenta accreta?
What is the primary rationale for performing a hysterectomy in cases of placenta accreta?
After a cerclage is performed, what kind of monitoring is important to include in the nursing care plan?
After a cerclage is performed, what kind of monitoring is important to include in the nursing care plan?
What condition may lead to seizures or hemorrhage in a pregnant woman due to cerebral edema?
What condition may lead to seizures or hemorrhage in a pregnant woman due to cerebral edema?
Which symptom is typically associated with cerebral vasospasm during pregnancy?
Which symptom is typically associated with cerebral vasospasm during pregnancy?
Which finding would NOT strongly suggest a diagnosis of cervical insufficiency?
Which finding would NOT strongly suggest a diagnosis of cervical insufficiency?
What condition does isoimmunization directly cause in the fetus?
What condition does isoimmunization directly cause in the fetus?
What should a nurse primarily focus on teaching a patient at 12 weeks’ gestation who is experiencing light vaginal bleeding?
What should a nurse primarily focus on teaching a patient at 12 weeks’ gestation who is experiencing light vaginal bleeding?
How does the maternal antibody system become overwhelmed during pregnancy, particularly in cases of preeclampsia?
How does the maternal antibody system become overwhelmed during pregnancy, particularly in cases of preeclampsia?
What nursing intervention directly supports a patient experiencing anticipatory grief due to potential pregnancy loss?
What nursing intervention directly supports a patient experiencing anticipatory grief due to potential pregnancy loss?
Which of the following visual symptoms may indicate central nervous system irritation in a pregnant woman?
Which of the following visual symptoms may indicate central nervous system irritation in a pregnant woman?
What does a severe headache and vision changes signal in a pregnant patient, such as in the case of Lucille?
What does a severe headache and vision changes signal in a pregnant patient, such as in the case of Lucille?
In the context of placenta accreta, when is a cesarean birth typically scheduled to prevent an unscheduled delivery?
In the context of placenta accreta, when is a cesarean birth typically scheduled to prevent an unscheduled delivery?
What does the term 'hysterectomy' refer to in the context of placenta accreta management?
What does the term 'hysterectomy' refer to in the context of placenta accreta management?
If a patient with confirmed placenta accreta refuses a scheduled cesarean birth, what is the most significant risk?
If a patient with confirmed placenta accreta refuses a scheduled cesarean birth, what is the most significant risk?
What is the primary reason the incidence of placenta accreta is increasing?
What is the primary reason the incidence of placenta accreta is increasing?
When providing care for a patient with placenta accreta, what sign or symptom is the nurse particularly monitoring?
When providing care for a patient with placenta accreta, what sign or symptom is the nurse particularly monitoring?
A patient with a history of previous second-trimester losses is being evaluated for cervical insufficiency. Which factor is a key element in the diagnostic criteria?
A patient with a history of previous second-trimester losses is being evaluated for cervical insufficiency. Which factor is a key element in the diagnostic criteria?
A 25-year-old patient in her first trimester is brought into the Emergency Department for an increased amount of vaginal bleeding after noticing some spotting the day before. What is this situation?
A 25-year-old patient in her first trimester is brought into the Emergency Department for an increased amount of vaginal bleeding after noticing some spotting the day before. What is this situation?
If a patient is prescribed medication for bleeding during pregnancy, what essential information should the nurse provide to the patient?
If a patient is prescribed medication for bleeding during pregnancy, what essential information should the nurse provide to the patient?
In the context of cervical insufficiency, what does 'painless dilation of the cervix' refer to?
In the context of cervical insufficiency, what does 'painless dilation of the cervix' refer to?
What is the mortality rate for women diagnosed with HELLP syndrome?
What is the mortality rate for women diagnosed with HELLP syndrome?
Which of the following risk factors is NOT associated with HELLP syndrome?
Which of the following risk factors is NOT associated with HELLP syndrome?
In cases of pregnancy-induced hypertension, which condition is considered a more severe form?
In cases of pregnancy-induced hypertension, which condition is considered a more severe form?
The primary pathophysiology causing hypertension in pre-eclampsia is related to which organ?
The primary pathophysiology causing hypertension in pre-eclampsia is related to which organ?
What can poor renal perfusion due to endothelial injury lead to in pre-eclampsia?
What can poor renal perfusion due to endothelial injury lead to in pre-eclampsia?
Which of the following liver enzymes is released with liver tissue damage?
Which of the following liver enzymes is released with liver tissue damage?
What role do antiangiogenic proteins play in pregnancy-induced hypertension?
What role do antiangiogenic proteins play in pregnancy-induced hypertension?
Which symptom might indicate liver damage in a patient with pre-eclampsia?
Which symptom might indicate liver damage in a patient with pre-eclampsia?
What condition is characterized by elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine due to poor renal perfusion?
What condition is characterized by elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine due to poor renal perfusion?
Which factor may be considered an immunologic contributor to the development of pre-eclampsia?
Which factor may be considered an immunologic contributor to the development of pre-eclampsia?
Which gene relationship is highlighted in the context of pre-eclampsia risk?
Which gene relationship is highlighted in the context of pre-eclampsia risk?
How does vasospasm impact liver function in patients with HELLP syndrome?
How does vasospasm impact liver function in patients with HELLP syndrome?
Which factor is associated with changes in capillary permeability in pre-eclampsia?
Which factor is associated with changes in capillary permeability in pre-eclampsia?
Which of the following conditions does NOT involve the placenta in its pathophysiology?
Which of the following conditions does NOT involve the placenta in its pathophysiology?
Which symptom should prompt immediate reporting to a healthcare provider in a pregnant patient?
Which symptom should prompt immediate reporting to a healthcare provider in a pregnant patient?
What additional symptoms differentiate eclampsia from pre-eclampsia?
What additional symptoms differentiate eclampsia from pre-eclampsia?
Which medication is typically administered to prevent seizures in patients diagnosed with eclampsia?
Which medication is typically administered to prevent seizures in patients diagnosed with eclampsia?
Which finding is characteristic of HELLP syndrome?
Which finding is characteristic of HELLP syndrome?
In which situation is corticosteroid treatment indicated during pregnancy?
In which situation is corticosteroid treatment indicated during pregnancy?
What is the primary management strategy for a patient diagnosed with pre-eclampsia?
What is the primary management strategy for a patient diagnosed with pre-eclampsia?
Which condition is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria occurring after 20 weeks of gestation?
Which condition is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria occurring after 20 weeks of gestation?
What sign would indicate magnesium toxicity in a patient undergoing treatment?
What sign would indicate magnesium toxicity in a patient undergoing treatment?
Which risk factor is associated with an increased incidence of eclampsia?
Which risk factor is associated with an increased incidence of eclampsia?
What should be monitored at least every 2 hours in a patient with HELLP syndrome?
What should be monitored at least every 2 hours in a patient with HELLP syndrome?
What type of feedback should a healthcare provider offer to a patient after a seizure?
What type of feedback should a healthcare provider offer to a patient after a seizure?
Which lab finding is significant for diagnosing HELLP syndrome?
Which lab finding is significant for diagnosing HELLP syndrome?
What is a common complication of gestational hypertension if left untreated?
What is a common complication of gestational hypertension if left untreated?
Which of the following symptoms should a patient report to a healthcare provider as a sign of cardiovascular distress?
Which of the following symptoms should a patient report to a healthcare provider as a sign of cardiovascular distress?
Flashcards
Abortion
Abortion
A pregnancy that ends before 20 weeks of gestation.
Cervical incompetence
Cervical incompetence
A condition in which the cervix opens too early, leading to premature birth.
Spontaneous abortion
Spontaneous abortion
The expulsion of a pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation.
Ectopic pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Eclampsia
Eclampsia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Placenta abruptio
Placenta abruptio
Signup and view all the flashcards
Placenta accreta
Placenta accreta
Signup and view all the flashcards
Dilation and Curettage (D&C)
Dilation and Curettage (D&C)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Complete Abortion
Complete Abortion
Signup and view all the flashcards
Incomplete Abortion
Incomplete Abortion
Signup and view all the flashcards
Missed Abortion
Missed Abortion
Signup and view all the flashcards
Inevitable Abortion
Inevitable Abortion
Signup and view all the flashcards
Threatened Abortion
Threatened Abortion
Signup and view all the flashcards
Vacuum Extraction
Vacuum Extraction
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Signup and view all the flashcards
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Progesterone
Progesterone
Signup and view all the flashcards
Premature birth
Premature birth
Signup and view all the flashcards
Adherence
Adherence
Signup and view all the flashcards
First Trimester
First Trimester
Signup and view all the flashcards
Second trimester
Second trimester
Signup and view all the flashcards
Third trimester
Third trimester
Signup and view all the flashcards
Small for gestational age (SGA)
Small for gestational age (SGA)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Suction D&C
Suction D&C
Signup and view all the flashcards
Medical management of abortion
Medical management of abortion
Signup and view all the flashcards
Mifepristone
Mifepristone
Signup and view all the flashcards
Misoprostol
Misoprostol
Signup and view all the flashcards
Warning signs after abortion
Warning signs after abortion
Signup and view all the flashcards
Grieving after abortion
Grieving after abortion
Signup and view all the flashcards
Methotrexate
Methotrexate
Signup and view all the flashcards
Surgical D&C
Surgical D&C
Signup and view all the flashcards
Douching
Douching
Signup and view all the flashcards
Medical abortion
Medical abortion
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a salpingostomy?
What is a salpingostomy?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a salpingectomy?
What is a salpingectomy?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a hydatidiform mole?
What is a hydatidiform mole?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a complete molar pregnancy?
What is a complete molar pregnancy?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a partial molar pregnancy?
What is a partial molar pregnancy?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is a choriocarcinoma?
What is a choriocarcinoma?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is hemorrhage after evacuation of a molar pregnancy?
What is hemorrhage after evacuation of a molar pregnancy?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How is a molar pregnancy treated?
How is a molar pregnancy treated?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is hCG?
What is hCG?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Why is follow-up care with hCG monitoring important after a molar pregnancy?
Why is follow-up care with hCG monitoring important after a molar pregnancy?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is uterine growth larger than expected for gestational age?
What is uterine growth larger than expected for gestational age?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is hyperemesis?
What is hyperemesis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is gestational hypertension?
What is gestational hypertension?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is light-to-heavy bleeding with blood that may be brown or bright red?
What is light-to-heavy bleeding with blood that may be brown or bright red?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the absence of fetal heart tones and movement?
What is the absence of fetal heart tones and movement?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Who is at an increased risk for a hydatidiform mole?
Who is at an increased risk for a hydatidiform mole?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Placenta Previa
Placenta Previa
Signup and view all the flashcards
Marginal Placenta Previa
Marginal Placenta Previa
Signup and view all the flashcards
Partial Placenta Previa
Partial Placenta Previa
Signup and view all the flashcards
Complete Placenta Previa
Complete Placenta Previa
Signup and view all the flashcards
Characteristic Symptom of Placenta Previa
Characteristic Symptom of Placenta Previa
Signup and view all the flashcards
Transabdominal or Vaginal Ultrasound
Transabdominal or Vaginal Ultrasound
Signup and view all the flashcards
Nonstress Test (NST)
Nonstress Test (NST)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cesarean Delivery for Complete Placenta Previa
Cesarean Delivery for Complete Placenta Previa
Signup and view all the flashcards
Trial of Labor for Placenta Previa
Trial of Labor for Placenta Previa
Signup and view all the flashcards
Vital Signs Monitoring for Bleeding Complications
Vital Signs Monitoring for Bleeding Complications
Signup and view all the flashcards
IV Fluids and Blood Products for Bleeding
IV Fluids and Blood Products for Bleeding
Signup and view all the flashcards
Medical Management for Placenta Previa
Medical Management for Placenta Previa
Signup and view all the flashcards
Placenta Accreta (Type)
Placenta Accreta (Type)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Placenta Percreta
Placenta Percreta
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Placenta Abruptio?
What is Placenta Abruptio?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Partial Placenta Abruptio
Partial Placenta Abruptio
Signup and view all the flashcards
Complete Placenta Abruptio
Complete Placenta Abruptio
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are the risks of Placenta Abruptio?
What are the risks of Placenta Abruptio?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fetal Monitoring
Fetal Monitoring
Signup and view all the flashcards
Venous Access
Venous Access
Signup and view all the flashcards
Blood Typing and Crossmatching
Blood Typing and Crossmatching
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hypofibrinogenemia
Hypofibrinogenemia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cesarean Section
Cesarean Section
Signup and view all the flashcards
Chronic Hypertension
Chronic Hypertension
Signup and view all the flashcards
Gestational Hypertension
Gestational Hypertension
Signup and view all the flashcards
HELLP syndrome
HELLP syndrome
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pre-eclampsia and Immune Response
Pre-eclampsia and Immune Response
Signup and view all the flashcards
Brain Complications in Pregnancy
Brain Complications in Pregnancy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Frontal Headache in Pregnancy
Frontal Headache in Pregnancy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Vision Changes in Pregnancy
Vision Changes in Pregnancy
Signup and view all the flashcards
C.U.S.L. Warning Signs
C.U.S.L. Warning Signs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Rh Incompatibility
Rh Incompatibility
Signup and view all the flashcards
RhoGAM
RhoGAM
Signup and view all the flashcards
Antibody Titer
Antibody Titer
Signup and view all the flashcards
Multiple Gestation Pregnancy
Multiple Gestation Pregnancy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Increased Nutritional Needs
Increased Nutritional Needs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Frequent Prenatal Visits
Frequent Prenatal Visits
Signup and view all the flashcards
Increased Rest
Increased Rest
Signup and view all the flashcards
Perinatologist
Perinatologist
Signup and view all the flashcards
Incompetent Cervix
Incompetent Cervix
Signup and view all the flashcards
Preterm Labor
Preterm Labor
Signup and view all the flashcards
Infants Small for Gestational Age
Infants Small for Gestational Age
Signup and view all the flashcards
Increased Risk for Cesarean Birth
Increased Risk for Cesarean Birth
Signup and view all the flashcards
Urinalysis
Urinalysis
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is cerclage?
What is cerclage?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is cervical insufficiency?
What is cervical insufficiency?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Rh incompatibility?
What is Rh incompatibility?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is an antigen?
What is an antigen?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is isoimmunization?
What is isoimmunization?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is alloimmune-induced hemolytic anemia?
What is alloimmune-induced hemolytic anemia?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is an antibody titer test, or indirect Coombs' test?
What is an antibody titer test, or indirect Coombs' test?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is RhoGAM?
What is RhoGAM?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is amniocentesis?
What is amniocentesis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is bilirubin in the amniotic fluid?
What is bilirubin in the amniotic fluid?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are ruptured membranes?
What are ruptured membranes?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is bleeding?
What is bleeding?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is uterine activity?
What is uterine activity?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is infection?
What is infection?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is preterm labor?
What is preterm labor?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Magnesium sulfate
Magnesium sulfate
Signup and view all the flashcards
Midazolam or lorazepam
Midazolam or lorazepam
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ankle clonus
Ankle clonus
Signup and view all the flashcards
Right upper quadrant abdominal pain
Right upper quadrant abdominal pain
Signup and view all the flashcards
Jaundice
Jaundice
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hemolysis
Hemolysis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Liver enzymes (AST, ALT)
Liver enzymes (AST, ALT)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Low platelet count
Low platelet count
Signup and view all the flashcards
Primigravida
Primigravida
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Delivery of the fetus
Delivery of the fetus
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is HELLP syndrome?
What is HELLP syndrome?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is pre-eclampsia?
What is pre-eclampsia?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is eclampsia?
What is eclampsia?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)?
What is pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What's the primary cause of PIH disorders?
What's the primary cause of PIH disorders?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are antiangiogenic proteins?
What are antiangiogenic proteins?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is vasoconstriction?
What is vasoconstriction?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is thrombocytopenia?
What is thrombocytopenia?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are liver enzymes?
What are liver enzymes?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is alanine aminotransferase (ALT)?
What is alanine aminotransferase (ALT)?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is aspartate aminotransferase (AST)?
What is aspartate aminotransferase (AST)?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is alkaline phosphatase?
What is alkaline phosphatase?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the immune system?
What is the immune system?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hysterectomy
Hysterectomy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cervical Insufficiency
Cervical Insufficiency
Signup and view all the flashcards
Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM)
Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Potential Loss of Pregnancy
Potential Loss of Pregnancy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bleeding in Pregnancy
Bleeding in Pregnancy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Scheduled Cesarean Delivery
Scheduled Cesarean Delivery
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hypovolemic Shock
Hypovolemic Shock
Signup and view all the flashcards
Anticipatory Grieving
Anticipatory Grieving
Signup and view all the flashcards
Emotional Support
Emotional Support
Signup and view all the flashcards
Social Worker
Social Worker
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Nursing Care of Pregnant Women with Complications
- Key Terms: Abortion, cerclage, cervical incompetence, choriocarcinoma, dilation and curettage (D&C), eclampsia, ectopic pregnancy, elective abortion, hydatidiform mole, hyperemesis gravidarum, hypofibrinogenemia, hysterectomy, insulin resistance, isoimmunization, ketones, perfusion, placenta abruptio, placenta accreta, placenta previa, pre-eclampsia, salpingectomy, salpingostomy, threatened abortions, viable.
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
- Definition: Severe nausea and vomiting persisting past 20 weeks gestation, often with ketosis and weight loss (over 5% pre-pregnancy weight).
- Incidence: 0.3% to 2% of pregnancies.
- Cause: Unknown, but possibly related to elevated hCG levels stimulating the thyroid, high estradiol levels, prior contraceptive intolerance, and progesterone's relaxation of smooth muscles.
- Risk Factors: High hCG, estradiol levels, previous oral contraceptive intolerance, high progesterone levels in first trimester (causing delayed gastric emptying), previous morning sickness.
- Signs and Symptoms: Frequent vomiting, decreased appetite, significant weight loss (over 5% pre-pregnancy weight), dehydration (dry mouth, skin, poor skin turgor), concentrated urine, decreased urine output, increased heart rate, alkalosis, electrolyte/acid-base imbalances, nutritional deficiencies.
Medical Care (Hyperemesis Gravidarum)
- Home Care: Often possible, with vitamin B6 (10-25mg 3 times daily), doxylamine (12.5mg 3-4 times daily), and ginger (250mg 4 times daily).
- Hospitalization: May be required for IV fluids and antiemetics if severe.
- Medications: Metoclopramide (5-10mg every 8 hours), promethazine(12.5mg oral/rectal every 4 hours), dimenhydrinate (50-100mg every 4-6 hours), ondansetron (4-8mg oral/IV every 8 hours).
- Investigations: Complete blood cell count (CBC), electrolyte panel, ketones, liver enzymes, other tests to rule out other possible causes (e.g., gastroenteritis).
Nursing Care (Hyperemesis Gravidarum)
- Interventions: Administering IV fluids and antiemetics, monitoring vital signs and lab results, monitoring weight, providing psychosocial support.
- Patient Education: Small, frequent meals, avoid spicy/fatty foods, identify nausea triggers, maintain fluid intake, monitor for dehydration signs, report warning signs (dark urine, bloody vomit, abdominal pain).
Bleeding Disorders (Early Pregnancy)
- Abortion: Pregnancy loss before viability (defined as >20 weeks gestation or >500g). -Types: Threatened, inevitable, incomplete, complete, missed.
- Incidence: Up to 20% of clinically recognized pregnancies.
- Risk Factors: Chromosomal abnormalities, diabetes, hypothyroidism, infections, reproductive abnormalities, injuries.
- Signs and Symptoms: Abdominal cramping, vaginal bleeding.
- Medical Care: Dilation and curettage (D&C), vacuum aspiration, medical therapy with misoprostol and mifepristone.
- Nursing Care: Monitoring vital signs, I&O, oxygen saturation, lab results, recognizing hypovolemic shock, administering medications, possibly blood transfusions, administering RhoGAM, emotional support.
- Patient Education: Warning signs after procedures (heavy bleeding, foul discharge, fever, pain), avoiding tampons/douches/sex until cleared, iron supplements if blood loss, grieving process may last 6-12 months, timing of future pregnancies.
Ectopic Pregnancy
- Definition: Fertilized ovum implants outside the uterus, most often in a fallopian tube.
- Incidence: 1 in 50 pregnancies.
- Risk Factors: Fallopian tube scarring/blockages, advanced maternal age, reproductive anomalies, previous tube surgery, PID, repeated abortions/STIs, IUD use, ART, douching, smoking.
- Signs and Symptoms: Vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain. Ruptured tube: Severe abdominal pain, shoulder/neck pain, weakness, dizziness, decreased BP, increased HR.
- Medical Care: Methotrexate (if tube not ruptured, fetus<3.5cm, no heart activity). Laparoscopic surgery (if tube ruptured) – Salpingectomy/Salpingostomy.
- Nursing Care: Monitoring for shock, postoperative care(Salpingectomy/Salpingostomy: vital signs, I&O, bleeding). Emotional support.
- Patient Education: Report fever, chills, significant bleeding, nausea/vomiting if given methotrexate. Timing of another pregnancy .
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease(Hydatidiform Mole)
- Definition: Rare tumors in the uterus during placental development, most commonly hydatidiform mole.
- Incidence: 1 in 1,200 pregnancies in US/Europe
- Risk Factors: Asian descent, advanced maternal age, previous molar pregnancy.
- Signs and Symptoms: Bleeding (brown/bright red), abnormally enlarged uterus, absent fetal heart tones/movement, extremely high hCG levels (over 100,000 mIU/mL), hyperemesis gravidarum.
- Medical Care: Suction evacuation and curettage (vacuum aspiration/surgical curettage). IV oxytocin after. Follow-up monitoring of hCG levels (9-12 months).
- Nursing Care: Shock assessment, pre-operative preparation (CBC, blood type/crossmatch), RhoGAM, post-operative monitoring, support for grief & loss.
- Patient Education: Report complications (heavy bleeding, foul discharge, fever), avoid tampons/douches/sex until cleared, crucial follow-up for hCG levels (prevent choriocarcinoma). Delay future pregnancies for 6 months. Early sonographic evaluation is recommended for future pregnancies.
Bleeding Disorders (Late Pregnancy)
Placenta Previa
- Definition: Placenta implanted near cervix opening.
- Signs and Symptoms: Painless bright-red bleeding; spotting, especially late in pregnancy or during labor.
- Medical Care: Transabdominal/vaginal ultrasound, bed rest, avoid exercise/sex/douche, NSTs (nonstress tests), cesarean delivery (often required for complete placenta previa). Trial of labor may be possible under certain conditions.
- Nursing Care: Avoid vaginal exams (risk of perforation), monitor fetal heart tones, obtain access for IV fluids/blood, blood typing/crossmatching.
- Patient Education: Avoid vaginal exams, report increased bleeding, daily fetal kick counts.
Placenta Abruptio
- Definition: Premature separation of placenta.
- Signs and Symptoms: Painful bleeding; board-like abdominal wall/firm uterus.
- Medical Care: Diagnosis based on symptoms, ultrasound. Hemodynamic stabilization, emergency cesarean section (may be attempted vaginal delivery).
- Nursing Care: Frequent vital signs/fetal heart tones, monitor blood loss (weigh pads/sheets), IV fluids/oxygen, alert lab for blood typing/crossmatching, emotional support.
- Patient Education: Report bleeding/abdominal pain, possible cesarean delivery, answer questions about condition.
Placenta Accreta
- Definition: Placenta attached too deeply to uterine wall.
- Signs and Symptoms: Often undiagnosed until delivery; third-trimester vaginal bleeding possible.
- Medical Care: Cesarean delivery, attempt to remove placenta and preserve uterus (if possible), hysterectomy (if placenta cannot be removed to prevent severe hemorrhage).
- Nursing Care: Preparation for C-section/OR, monitor for shock, emotional support.
- Patient Education: No prevention method possible, possible C-section, discuss surgical options, hysterectomy means no more periods/pregnancies.
Incompetent Cervix
- Definition: Cervix unable to retain pregnancy in second trimester.
- Signs and Symptoms: Pelvic pressure, back pain, increased discharge, mild cramping. Possible history of multiple previous second-trimester pregnancy loss.
- Medical Care: Cerclage (sutures around cervix).
- Nursing Care: Monitoring for infection/ruptured membranes/bleeding/uterine activity, emotional support.
- Patient Teaching: Warning signs of complications (infection, rupture, pain, labor),emotional support.
Rh Incompatibility
- Definition: Rh-negative mother exposed to Rh-positive fetal blood, causing antibody production that may harm subsequent Rh -positive fetuses.
- Medical Care: Blood type/antibody titer tests. RhoGAM administration (28 weeks, and within 72 hours of delivery if the baby is Rh positive and the mother has become sensitized). Amniocentesis (monitoring fetal bilirubin).
- Nursing Care: Encourage testing compliance, emotional support. RhoGAM administration (according to protocol). Follow-up appointments for antibody titers /fetal monitoring.
- Patient Education: Report any signs of complication, importance of RhoGAM (to prevent further complications with future pregnancies), potential seriousness of condition.
Multiple Gestation Pregnancy
- Signs and Symptoms: Rapid weight gain, severe nausea/vomiting, breast tenderness, simultaneous fetal movements, enlarged uterus, elevated hCG/alpha-fetoprotein.
- Medical Management: Increased calories and balanced nutrition. Frequent prenatal visits/bed rest as needed. Specialists may be involved. Monitor closely for complications.
- Nursing Care: Education on nutrition, rest, complication indicators, emotional support.
- Patient Teaching: Healthy pregnancy diet with extra calories, watch out for preterm labor (contractions, cramping, discharge, pressure, low backache, loss of mucous plug), monitor for complications (edema, headaches, visual disturbance (high bp), bleeding reports all issues to care provider.
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
- Chronic Hypertension: Hypertension prior to or during the first 20 weeks pregnancy.
- Gestational Hypertension: Hypertension developing for the first time in pregnancy.
- Pre-eclampsia: Hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks.
- Eclampsia: Pre-eclampsia with one or more seizures.
- HELLP Syndrome: variant of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets.
- Management: Varies depending on the severity and specific disorder. Usually includes bedrest, medications (e.g., antihypertensives, magnesium sulfate for seizures), and delivery when the fetus is viable or in danger.
Patient Teaching Guidelines for Urinalysis
- Urinalysis: Routine element of prenatal care to identify potential complications of pregnancy e.g, infections, diabetes, dehydration, pre-eclampsia.
Key components to watch out for: (sugar, protein, ketones, bacteria/nitrites/leukocytes)
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on key obstetric conditions and procedures related to pregnancy. This quiz covers topics such as cervical procedures, pregnancy complications, and conditions like hyperemesis gravidarum and isoimmunization. Perfect for medical students and professionals seeking to reinforce their understanding of prenatal care.
