Records Management and IT Evolution
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Questions and Answers

What was the first task assigned to the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) by the War Department?

  • To develop the first operating system
  • To crack enemy codes during World War II
  • To determine the feasibility of building a hydrogen bomb (correct)
  • To calculate the trajectory of artillery shells

    • What was the significance of the Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC) in 1951?

  • It was the first computer to be used by the U.S. government
  • It was the first computer to use a hard disk drive
  • It was the first commercially available computer
  • It was the first computer to use magnetic tape for mass storage (correct)

    • What was the storage capacity of the RAMAC 305 in 1956?

  • About 40 MB
  • About 440 MB
  • About 44 GB
  • About 4.4 MB (correct)

    • Why was the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) housed in a specially designed room?

    <p>Because it generated so much heat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary use of computers for data processing in the 1940s and 1950s?

    <p>Scientific calculations and number crunching (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the year 1938 in the development of computers?

    <p>The term 'digital' was first used to describe a computer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the high cost of computers on their usage in the 1950s?

    <p>Control remained in the hands of the few employees within the agencies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of reports printed out by computers for data processing in the 1950s?

    <p>To provide information and filed for the record (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary advantage of the IBM 1311 storage unit?

    <p>It offered removable disks in disk packs, allowing users to switch files for different applications. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main difference between the 5.25” floppy disk and the 3.5” floppy disk?

    <p>The 5.25” floppy disk had more storage options. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest unit of information stored on a computer?

    <p>Bit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the storage capacity of the 8” floppy disk?

    <p>80 KB (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary function of the IBM MT/ST (Magnetic Tape/Selectric Typewriter)?

    <p>Combining the features of the Selectric with a magnetic tape drive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marked the beginning of the convergence of word and data processing functions?

    <p>The introduction of the IBM personal computer in 1981 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the storage capacity of the magnetic tape cartridges used in the IBM 5100 Portable Computer?

    <p>100+ routines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary advantage of the IBM Selectric Typewriter?

    <p>It could print faster and allowed the operator to select from different type fonts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main characteristic of the electronic typewriters introduced in the 1930s?

    <p>They increased typing speeds and accelerated the growth of paper documents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marked the transition from a paper-based records environment to a hybrid environment that includes digital records?

    <p>The advent of personal computers in the late 1970s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the technology developed in 1965?

    <p>To facilitate communication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the problem with the use of EDMS in the 1980s?

    <p>Inability to access information when away from the office (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990?

    <p>The World Wide Web (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the solution to allow employee secure access from outside of the organization walls?

    <p>Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the system introduced at MIT in 1965 that left an electronic note in someone's directory?

    <p>MAILBOX (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with inventing Internet-based e-mail in 1971?

    <p>Ray Tomlinson (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the file transfer protocol developed by Ray Tomlinson?

    <p>To send electronic messages to any computer on the ARPANET network (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the guidance provided by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) in 2005?

    <p>To better manage 'web records' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the retention period for website design records provided by the U.S. General Services Administration?

    <p>1 year (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the business model born in 1994 with the business plan written by Jeff Bezos?

    <p>Amazon.com (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of ARPANET traffic was email by the end of the 1970s?

    <p>75 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is expected to be the total number of business and consumer emails sent and received each day by the end of 2026?

    <p>408.2 billion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of hosting an email system on-premises?

    <p>Complete control over the infrastructure and security measures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an email retention policy?

    <p>To define how long email messages should be retained (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary feature of AOL Instant Messenger (AIM)?

    <p>Direct peer-to-peer connections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected number of worldwide IM accounts by the end of 2025?

    <p>9.5 billion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the Facebook Messenger feature that allows businesses to generate leads?

    <p>Messenger campaigns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an aggregator like Microsoft's One Messenger?

    <p>To integrate multiple IM services into one (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an online chat room used for discussing video game news?

    <p>Proximity chat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chatbots in live chat tools like LiveChat?

    <p>To engage prospects and generate leads (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Information Technology, Records, and the Information Age

    Computers for Data Processing

    • The term "digital" was first used in 1938 to describe a computer that operates on data in the form of digits.
    • The U.S. Federal Records Act was expanded in 1950 to establish the framework for records management in federal agencies.
    • Key milestones in the evolution of computers for data processing:
      • 1943-1945: ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was developed, filling a 20- by 40-foot room and using over 18,000 vacuum tubes.
      • 1951: UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) was introduced, using magnetic tape for mass storage.
      • 1956: IBM developed the RAMAC 305, the first computer with a hard disk drive (HDD).
      • 1962: IBM introduced the IBM 1311, which offered the first storage unit with removable disks in disk packs.
      • 1975-1982: IBM developed the 5100 Portable Computer, which weighed 50 pounds and offered magnetic tape cartridges.
      • 1978: IBM introduced the 5.25” floppy disk, which became the standard removable storage medium.
      • 1984-2000: IBM introduced the 3.5” floppy disk, offering three storage options ranging from 720 KB to 2.88 MB of storage.

    Bits, Bytes, and Other Units of Digital Information

    • A bit is the smallest unit of information stored on a computer, represented by either a 1 or a 0.
    • A byte is made up of 8 bits and can represent 256 characters, either numbers or letters.
    • Key units of digital information:
      • 1 kilobyte (KB) = 1,024 bytes
      • 1 megabyte (MB) = 1,024 kilobytes
      • 1 gigabyte (GB) = 1,024 megabytes
      • 1 terabyte (TB) = 1,024 gigabytes
      • 1 petabyte (PB) = 1,024 terabytes
      • 1 exabyte (EB) = 1,024 petabytes
      • 1 zettabyte (ZB) = 1,024 exabytes
      • 1 yottabyte (YB) = 1,024 zettabytes
      • 1 brontobyte (BB) = 1,024 yottabytes
      • 1 geopbyte (GB) = 1,024 brontobytes

    Electronic Typewriters and Word Processors for Text Processing

    • Key milestones in the evolution of text processing technologies:
      • 1930: IBM introduced the Electronic Typewriter, increasing typing speeds and accelerating the growth of paper documents.
      • 1961: IBM developed the Selectric Typewriter, allowing operators to select from different type fonts.
      • 1964: IBM introduced the MT/ST (Magnetic Tape/Selectric Typewriter), combining the features of the Selectric with a magnetic tape drive.
      • 1971: IBM introduced the 8” floppy disk, allowing for reusable, portable, and inexpensive storage.
      • 1973: Vydec developed the Word Processing system, using floppy disks to store 80-100 pages of text.

    The Information Age

    Electronic Records and the Hybrid Environment

    • The information age, which began in the late 1970s, brought about a transition from a paper-based records environment to a hybrid environment that includes digital records.
    • Despite claims of a "paperless office," the ease of document creation, editing, storage, and retrieval led to further growth in the volume of paper records.

    Communication Technologies

    E-Mail

    • E-mail was introduced in 1965 at MIT, allowing users to leave electronic notes in someone's directory.
    • Ray Tomlinson developed Internet-based e-mail in 1971, using the @ symbol to identify users and computers.
    • Key statistics:
      • 1974: Hundreds of military users of e-mail
      • 1978: 5,000 e-mail messages sent
      • 2026: Expected 408.2 billion e-mail messages sent and received daily
    • E-mail management systems provide records management and retention functionality, and cloud-based email archiving solutions can reduce server loads and provide backup services.

    Instant Messaging (IM)

    • IM was launched in the early 1990s, allowing users to set up chat rooms on web servers.
    • Key statistics:
      • 1997: AOL Instant Messenger (AIM) was launched, allowing direct peer-to-peer connections.
      • 2025: Expected over 9.5 billion IM accounts worldwide
    • Popular IM apps for external business communications include WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, WeChat, Telegram, Skype, Confide, and Signal.
    • IM apps for internal team communications include Microsoft Teams, Discord, and Slack.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the development of records management policies and procedures in the US, driven by increasing information volumes and emerging technology.

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