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Questions and Answers
What was President Johnson's stance on African Americans' rights?
What was President Johnson's stance on African Americans' rights?
- He was neutral about their rights.
- He believed they deserved equal rights.
- He had no opinion about their rights.
- He believed they did not deserve equal rights. (correct)
What was the outcome of the 1866 midterm elections for the Republicans?
What was the outcome of the 1866 midterm elections for the Republicans?
- They lost a majority in Congress.
- They did not participate in the elections.
- They maintained their majority in Congress.
- They won a two-thirds majority in Congress. (correct)
What was one of the conditions for Southern states to rejoin the union?
What was one of the conditions for Southern states to rejoin the union?
- Abolish the Fourteenth Amendment.
- Maintain the 'Black Codes'.
- Ratify the Fourteenth Amendment and write new constitutions enfranchising African Americans. (correct)
- Elect President Johnson for a second term.
What was the significance of July 9, 1868?
What was the significance of July 9, 1868?
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What did Congress achieve in the power struggle with President Johnson?
What did Congress achieve in the power struggle with President Johnson?
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What was the outcome of President Johnson's impeachment trial?
What was the outcome of President Johnson's impeachment trial?
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Study Notes
President Johnson and the Reconstruction Era
- President Johnson opposed the passage of the 14th Amendment and vetoed the Civil Rights Act because he did not believe African Americans deserved equal rights.
The 1866 Midterm Elections and Reconstruction Acts
- Republicans won a two-thirds majority in the 1866 midterm elections, allowing them to override President Johnson's veto.
- In 1867, Republicans passed the first Reconstruction Act, dissolving state governments and dividing the South into five military districts.
Terms for Rejoining the Union
- Under the Reconstruction Act, states had to:
- Ratify the 14th Amendment
- Write new constitutions enfranchising African Americans
- Abolish repressive "Black Codes" before rejoining the union
President Johnson's Impeachment
- The House of Representatives issued articles of impeachment against President Johnson due to his repeated obstructionism.
- Although President Johnson narrowly escaped conviction in the Senate, Congress won the power to direct a new phase of Reconstruction.
The 14th Amendment
- The states ratified the 14th Amendment on July 9, 1868.
- The 14th Amendment guaranteed:
- Birthright citizenship
- "Equal protection of the laws"
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