Reconstruction Era Political Changes

Study Notes

Carpetbaggers and Scalawags

Carpetbaggers were Northerners who moved to the Southern states post-Civil War, often gaining political office.
Scalawags were white Southerners who aligned with Republicans and supported reconstruction efforts.

Political Roles of Formerly Enslaved Persons

Formerly enslaved individuals held various government positions, including legislators, administrators, and Congress members.
They contributed to local governance and were elected at multiple levels.

Reforms by Republican Governments

Republican administrations repealed discriminatory black codes.
Significant infrastructure improvements included the rebuilding of transport systems and industries.
A public education system was established, promoting access to education.

Importance of African American Churches

Churches served as the sole controlled institutions for African Americans amid segregation.
They played pivotal roles in leading political advocacy for civil rights.

Community Role of African American Churches

Churches acted as venues for social and political gatherings, fostering community engagement.
They also served unofficial judicial functions, providing a space for dispute resolutions.

Establishment of Schools for African Americans

The Freedmen's Bureau was instrumental in founding 4,000 schools in the South post-war.
Reconstruction governments created a robust public school system and founded universities like Howard and Tuskegee.

Origin of the Ku Klux Klan

The Ku Klux Klan originated in Pulaski, Tennessee, aiming to expel carpetbaggers and intimidate African Americans.

Intimidation Tactics by the Ku Klux Klan

KKK members disrupted Republican meetings, targeted Freedmen's Bureau officials, and resorted to arson against African American homes, schools, and churches.
Their efforts included voter suppression tactics against African Americans and white Republicans.

Republican Support for African Americans' Reconstruction

Many Northerners moved to the South to assist with rebuilding efforts during Reconstruction, some corrupted, while others genuinely aimed to help.
Republicans facilitated African American participation in democracy through voting rights and government positions.
The repeal of black codes and the establishment of elective offices were notable legislative achievements.
Infrastructure improvements and confrontations with the KKK were significant, including the passage of three Enforcement Acts by Congressional Republicans to address violence.

Description

This quiz explores the significant political changes during the Reconstruction Era, focusing on the roles of Carpetbaggers, Scalawags, and the contributions of formerly enslaved persons. It also highlights the reforms enacted by Republican governments and the central role of African American churches in advocating for civil rights.