Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of the global population currently experiences an anxiety disorder?
What percentage of the global population currently experiences an anxiety disorder?
- 4% (correct)
- 6%
- 8%
- 2%
What is the estimated number of people worldwide who had an anxiety disorder in 2019?
What is the estimated number of people worldwide who had an anxiety disorder in 2019?
- 301 million (correct)
- 400 million
- 100 million
- 200 million
What is a common barrier to care for people with anxiety disorders?
What is a common barrier to care for people with anxiety disorders?
- Lack of awareness about the disorder
- Lack of access to healthcare providers
- All of the above (correct)
- Lack of investment in mental health services
What is a characteristic of anxiety disorders?
What is a characteristic of anxiety disorders?
What is the primary impact of anxiety disorders on daily life?
What is the primary impact of anxiety disorders on daily life?
What is the ranking of anxiety disorders among all mental disorders?
What is the ranking of anxiety disorders among all mental disorders?
What is a common symptom of anxiety disorders?
What is a common symptom of anxiety disorders?
What is a key consideration when making a judgement about anxiety symptoms related to a medical condition?
What is a key consideration when making a judgement about anxiety symptoms related to a medical condition?
What is the primary purpose of the 'other specified anxiety disorder' category?
What is the primary purpose of the 'other specified anxiety disorder' category?
What is a characteristic of the 'unspecified anxiety disorder' category?
What is a characteristic of the 'unspecified anxiety disorder' category?
What is an example of a cultural-specific anxiety disorder?
What is an example of a cultural-specific anxiety disorder?
What is a common feature of anxiety disorders in the anxiety disorders diagnostic class?
What is a common feature of anxiety disorders in the anxiety disorders diagnostic class?
What is a key difference between the 'other specified anxiety disorder' and 'unspecified anxiety disorder' categories?
What is a key difference between the 'other specified anxiety disorder' and 'unspecified anxiety disorder' categories?
What is a characteristic of anxiety symptoms related to a medical condition?
What is a characteristic of anxiety symptoms related to a medical condition?
What is a common feature of presentations in the 'other specified anxiety disorder' and 'unspecified anxiety disorder' categories?
What is a common feature of presentations in the 'other specified anxiety disorder' and 'unspecified anxiety disorder' categories?
What is the primary purpose of a psychological evaluation in the diagnosis of anxiety?
What is the primary purpose of a psychological evaluation in the diagnosis of anxiety?
What is the classification of clinical symptoms of anxiety that involves feelings of restlessness and inability to relax?
What is the classification of clinical symptoms of anxiety that involves feelings of restlessness and inability to relax?
What is the term for the client's experience of periodic warnings of threat that prompt them to take necessary steps to prevent a threat or lessen its consequences?
What is the term for the client's experience of periodic warnings of threat that prompt them to take necessary steps to prevent a threat or lessen its consequences?
What is the characteristic of anxiety that involves an inability to concentrate on multiple things at once?
What is the characteristic of anxiety that involves an inability to concentrate on multiple things at once?
What is the term for the client's experience of an exaggerated feeling of wellbeing that is not directly proportional to a specific circumstance or situation?
What is the term for the client's experience of an exaggerated feeling of wellbeing that is not directly proportional to a specific circumstance or situation?
What is the purpose of comparing symptoms to the criteria in the DSM-5?
What is the purpose of comparing symptoms to the criteria in the DSM-5?
What is the classification of anxiety that involves an increase in alertness to inner feelings or the environment?
What is the classification of anxiety that involves an increase in alertness to inner feelings or the environment?
What is the term for the continuum of anxiety responses that ranges from adaptive responses to maladaptive responses?
What is the term for the continuum of anxiety responses that ranges from adaptive responses to maladaptive responses?
What is a key diagnostic criterion for anxiety related to impending divorce or life changing event?
What is a key diagnostic criterion for anxiety related to impending divorce or life changing event?
Which of the following is a physiological symptom of anxiety?
Which of the following is a physiological symptom of anxiety?
What is a key component of the planning phase for anxiety management?
What is a key component of the planning phase for anxiety management?
What is the primary goal of the evaluation phase in anxiety management?
What is the primary goal of the evaluation phase in anxiety management?
What is a common behavioural symptom of anxiety?
What is a common behavioural symptom of anxiety?
What is a key difference between anxiety and fear?
What is a key difference between anxiety and fear?
What is a coping mechanism for anxiety that involves physical activity?
What is a coping mechanism for anxiety that involves physical activity?
What is a key etiological theory of anxiety?
What is a key etiological theory of anxiety?
What is the primary difference between fear and anxiety?
What is the primary difference between fear and anxiety?
What is a characteristic of mild anxiety?
What is a characteristic of mild anxiety?
What is the main criterion for diagnosing an anxiety disorder?
What is the main criterion for diagnosing an anxiety disorder?
How are anxiety levels typically classified?
How are anxiety levels typically classified?
What is a physiological effect of anxiety?
What is a physiological effect of anxiety?
What is a characteristic of moderate anxiety?
What is a characteristic of moderate anxiety?
What is a potential consequence of unaddressed mild anxiety?
What is a potential consequence of unaddressed mild anxiety?
What is a factor that can influence anxiety levels?
What is a factor that can influence anxiety levels?
What is a key consideration when making a judgment about anxiety symptoms related to a medical condition?
What is a key consideration when making a judgment about anxiety symptoms related to a medical condition?
What is the primary purpose of the 'other specified anxiety disorder' category?
What is the primary purpose of the 'other specified anxiety disorder' category?
What is a characteristic of the 'unspecified anxiety disorder' category?
What is a characteristic of the 'unspecified anxiety disorder' category?
What is a common feature of presentations in the 'other specified anxiety disorder' and 'unspecified anxiety disorder' categories?
What is a common feature of presentations in the 'other specified anxiety disorder' and 'unspecified anxiety disorder' categories?
What must be established before making a judgment about anxiety symptoms related to a medical condition?
What must be established before making a judgment about anxiety symptoms related to a medical condition?
What is an example of a cultural-specific anxiety disorder?
What is an example of a cultural-specific anxiety disorder?
What is a characteristic of anxiety symptoms related to a medical condition?
What is a characteristic of anxiety symptoms related to a medical condition?
What is a key difference between the 'other specified anxiety disorder' and 'unspecified anxiety disorder' categories?
What is a key difference between the 'other specified anxiety disorder' and 'unspecified anxiety disorder' categories?
What is a common consequence of untreated social phobia?
What is a common consequence of untreated social phobia?
Which anxiety disorder is characterized by a fear of being alone in public places?
Which anxiety disorder is characterized by a fear of being alone in public places?
What is the primary difference between a panic attack and an anxiety attack?
What is the primary difference between a panic attack and an anxiety attack?
What is a common symptom of generalized anxiety disorder?
What is a common symptom of generalized anxiety disorder?
Which of the following is a characteristic of social phobia?
Which of the following is a characteristic of social phobia?
What is the primary diagnostic criterion for agoraphobia?
What is the primary diagnostic criterion for agoraphobia?
What is a common complication of panic disorder?
What is a common complication of panic disorder?
Which of the following is a characteristic of claustrophobia?
Which of the following is a characteristic of claustrophobia?
What is the primary reason why benzodiazepines are no longer recommended as the first line of treatment for anxiety symptoms?
What is the primary reason why benzodiazepines are no longer recommended as the first line of treatment for anxiety symptoms?
What type of medication is effective in treating social phobias?
What type of medication is effective in treating social phobias?
What is the primary indication for prescribing neuroleptics in anxiety management?
What is the primary indication for prescribing neuroleptics in anxiety management?
What type of medication is prescribed when the client cannot tolerate benzodiazepines or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?
What type of medication is prescribed when the client cannot tolerate benzodiazepines or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?
What is the primary advantage of using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in anxiety management?
What is the primary advantage of using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in anxiety management?
What is the primary mechanism of action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in anxiety management?
What is the primary mechanism of action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in anxiety management?
What is the primary indication for using atypical agents such as buspirone in anxiety management?
What is the primary indication for using atypical agents such as buspirone in anxiety management?
What is the primary benefit of using interactive therapy in anxiety management?
What is the primary benefit of using interactive therapy in anxiety management?
What is the primary purpose of a mental health specialist checking for signs of an underlying medical condition?
What is the primary purpose of a mental health specialist checking for signs of an underlying medical condition?
What is the term for the client's experience of periodic warnings of threat that prompt them to take necessary steps to prevent a threat or lessen its consequences?
What is the term for the client's experience of periodic warnings of threat that prompt them to take necessary steps to prevent a threat or lessen its consequences?
What is the classification of anxiety that involves an inability to concentrate on multiple things at once?
What is the classification of anxiety that involves an inability to concentrate on multiple things at once?
What is the primary goal of comparing symptoms to the criteria in the DSM-5?
What is the primary goal of comparing symptoms to the criteria in the DSM-5?
What is the term for the continuum of anxiety responses that ranges from adaptive responses to maladaptive responses?
What is the term for the continuum of anxiety responses that ranges from adaptive responses to maladaptive responses?
What is the primary purpose of a psychological evaluation in the diagnosis of anxiety?
What is the primary purpose of a psychological evaluation in the diagnosis of anxiety?
What is the classification of clinical symptoms of anxiety that involves feelings of restlessness and inability to relax?
What is the classification of clinical symptoms of anxiety that involves feelings of restlessness and inability to relax?
What is the primary role of a mental health specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety?
What is the primary role of a mental health specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety?
What is the primary consequence of anxiety disorders on daily life?
What is the primary consequence of anxiety disorders on daily life?
What is a major complication of anxiety disorders if left untreated?
What is a major complication of anxiety disorders if left untreated?
What is the primary purpose of the DSM-5 criteria in the diagnosis of anxiety disorders?
What is the primary purpose of the DSM-5 criteria in the diagnosis of anxiety disorders?
What is a key medical factor to consider when making a diagnosis of anxiety disorder?
What is a key medical factor to consider when making a diagnosis of anxiety disorder?
What is the primary classification of anxiety disorders according to the DSM-5?
What is the primary classification of anxiety disorders according to the DSM-5?
What is a key consideration when developing a treatment plan for anxiety disorders?
What is a key consideration when developing a treatment plan for anxiety disorders?
What is the primary goal of medical and nursing management of anxiety disorders?
What is the primary goal of medical and nursing management of anxiety disorders?
What should be established before making a judgment about anxiety symptoms related to a medical condition?
What should be established before making a judgment about anxiety symptoms related to a medical condition?
What is a characteristic of the 'unspecified anxiety disorder' category?
What is a characteristic of the 'unspecified anxiety disorder' category?
What is an example of a cultural-specific anxiety disorder?
What is an example of a cultural-specific anxiety disorder?
What is a characteristic of anxiety symptoms related to a medical condition?
What is a characteristic of anxiety symptoms related to a medical condition?
What is the primary purpose of the 'other specified anxiety disorder' category?
What is the primary purpose of the 'other specified anxiety disorder' category?
What is a characteristic of presentations in the 'other specified anxiety disorder' and 'unspecified anxiety disorder' categories?
What is a characteristic of presentations in the 'other specified anxiety disorder' and 'unspecified anxiety disorder' categories?
What is a key difference between the 'other specified anxiety disorder' and 'unspecified anxiety disorder' categories?
What is a key difference between the 'other specified anxiety disorder' and 'unspecified anxiety disorder' categories?
What must be established before making a judgment about anxiety symptoms related to a medical condition?
What must be established before making a judgment about anxiety symptoms related to a medical condition?
What is the primary characteristic of Agoraphobia?
What is the primary characteristic of Agoraphobia?
Which phobia is characterized by a fear of germs or dirt?
Which phobia is characterized by a fear of germs or dirt?
What is the primary characteristic of Social Phobia?
What is the primary characteristic of Social Phobia?
Which anxiety disorder is characterized by unrealistic or excessive anxiety or worry occurring more days than not, in a six-month period?
Which anxiety disorder is characterized by unrealistic or excessive anxiety or worry occurring more days than not, in a six-month period?
What is the primary characteristic of Panic Disorder?
What is the primary characteristic of Panic Disorder?
Which phobia is characterized by a fear of strangers?
Which phobia is characterized by a fear of strangers?
What is the primary reason why benzodiazepines are no longer recommended as the first line of treatment for anxiety?
What is the primary reason why benzodiazepines are no longer recommended as the first line of treatment for anxiety?
What type of medication is commonly used to treat social phobias?
What type of medication is commonly used to treat social phobias?
What is the primary characteristic of Claustrophobia?
What is the primary characteristic of Claustrophobia?
Which anxiety disorder is characterized by a fear of public speaking?
Which anxiety disorder is characterized by a fear of public speaking?
What is the primary indication for prescribing neuroleptics in the treatment of anxiety?
What is the primary indication for prescribing neuroleptics in the treatment of anxiety?
What is the term for the classification of anxiety that involves an increase in alertness to inner feelings or the environment?
What is the term for the classification of anxiety that involves an increase in alertness to inner feelings or the environment?
What is the primary goal of interactive therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders?
What is the primary goal of interactive therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders?
What is the primary difference between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)?
What is the primary difference between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)?
What is the primary indication for prescribing antidepressants in the treatment of anxiety?
What is the primary indication for prescribing antidepressants in the treatment of anxiety?
In treating which anxiety disorders are beta blockers effective?
In treating which anxiety disorders are beta blockers effective?
What is the primary goal of the nursing management of anxiety?
What is the primary goal of the nursing management of anxiety?
Which of the following is a cognitive-behavioral technique used to treat social phobia and panic disorder?
Which of the following is a cognitive-behavioral technique used to treat social phobia and panic disorder?
What is the primary purpose of using a screening tool or assessment scale in anxiety assessment?
What is the primary purpose of using a screening tool or assessment scale in anxiety assessment?
What is a characteristic of a client with severe anxiety?
What is a characteristic of a client with severe anxiety?
What is the purpose of assessing the client's general appearance in anxiety assessment?
What is the purpose of assessing the client's general appearance in anxiety assessment?
Which of the following are common signs and symptoms associated with anxiety disorders?
Which of the following are common signs and symptoms associated with anxiety disorders?
What is the purpose of using relaxation techniques in anxiety management?
What is the purpose of using relaxation techniques in anxiety management?
What is a key component of the nursing management of anxiety?
What is a key component of the nursing management of anxiety?
What is the primary goal of the nursing management of persons diagnosed with anxiety disorders?
What is the primary goal of the nursing management of persons diagnosed with anxiety disorders?
What is the primary focus of medical management in anxiety disorders?
What is the primary focus of medical management in anxiety disorders?
Which of the following is a common clinical feature of social anxiety disorder?
Which of the following is a common clinical feature of social anxiety disorder?
Which of the following best describes a primary characteristic of agoraphobia?
Which of the following best describes a primary characteristic of agoraphobia?
What is the primary difference between a specific phobia and social anxiety disorder?
What is the primary difference between a specific phobia and social anxiety disorder?
What is the primary goal of the evaluation phase in anxiety management?
What is the primary goal of the evaluation phase in anxiety management?
What is a common consequence of unaddressed mild anxiety?
What is a common consequence of unaddressed mild anxiety?
What is the primary difference between anxiety and fear?
What is the primary difference between anxiety and fear?
What is a characteristic symptom of anxiety disorders?
What is a characteristic symptom of anxiety disorders?
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Study Notes
Overview of Anxiety Disorders
- Anxiety disorders are the most common of all mental disorders, affecting approximately 4% of the global population
- Symptoms include fear, worry, physical tension, and behavioral and cognitive symptoms that are intense, excessive, and difficult to control
- Anxiety disorders interfere with daily activities and can impair a person's family, social, and school or working life
Classification of Anxiety Disorders
- Anxiety disorders are classified into several categories, including panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder
- Other specified anxiety disorder and unspecified anxiety disorder are also recognized categories
Clinical Symptoms and Diagnostic Characteristics
- Clinical symptoms of anxiety can be classified as physiological, psychological, emotional, behavioral, and intellectual or cognitive
- Symptoms may vary according to the level of anxiety exhibited by the client
- Anxiety occurs on a continuum, ranging from adaptive responses (anticipation) to maladaptive responses (panic)
Levels of Anxiety
- Levels of anxiety can be influenced by personality, coping strategies, life experiences, and gender
- Anxiety levels are typically classified into four categories: mild, moderate, severe, and panic
- Mild anxiety symptoms may present as social anxiety or shyness and can be experienced in early childhood through to adulthood
- Moderate anxiety symptoms include feeling on edge, being unable to control worrying, and being unable to relax
- Severe anxiety symptoms include significant distress and impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning
Diagnosis and Treatment
- A mental health specialist may conduct a psychological evaluation to help pinpoint a diagnosis and check for related complications
- The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria are used to compare symptoms and diagnose anxiety disorders
- Treatment for anxiety disorders may involve psychotherapy and medication
Nursing Diagnoses
- Anxiety related to impending divorce or life-changing event
- Impaired Verbal communication
- Ineffective coping
- Powerlessness
- Disturbed Sleep pattern
- Impaired Social interaction
Planning and Implementation
- Accept that the experience of anxiety is natural and inevitable
- Understand that the client's level of anxiety may fluctuate
- Develop problem-solving and coping skills
- Maintain a calm, non-judgmental attitude
- Convey acceptance and communicate in short, simple sentences
- Reduce environmental stimuli and assist the client in meeting basic needs
Common Phobias
- Acrophobia: fear of heights
- Astraphobia: fear of electrical storms
- Claustrophobia: fear of closed spaces
- Glossophobia: fear of public speaking
- Hematophobia: fear of blood
- Hydrophobia: fear of water
- Monophobia: fear of being alone
- Mysophobia: fear of germs or dirt
- Nyctophobia: fear of darkness
- Pyrophobia: fear of fire
- Xenophobia: fear of strangers
- Zoophobia: fear of animals
Clinical Features of Common Anxiety Disorders
- Agoraphobia: fear of being alone in public places, affects mostly women, and manifests between 18-35 years
- Social Phobia: fear of being criticized by others, begins early, interferes with development, and predisposes to depression and substance abuse
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder: characterized by unrealistic or excessive anxiety or worry, difficulty controlling worry, and experiencing 3 of 6 symptoms (restlessness, fatigue, impaired concentration, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance)
- Panic Disorder: characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks, sudden surge of intense fear or discomfort, and 4 or more of 13 physical and cognitive symptoms
Medical Management
- Psychotropic drugs are used to treat moderate to severe anxiety symptoms
- Multidimensional pharmacologic treatment approach may be necessary when medical or psychiatric disorders exist
- Common drugs used to treat anxiety include benzodiazepines, antidepressants, anxiolytics, beta blockers, and neuroleptics
- Benzodiazepines are no longer recommended as the first line of treatment due to high dependence
- Antidepressants (SSRIs and SNRIs) are the agents of choice
- Beta blockers are effective in treating social phobias
- Neuroleptics are prescribed when clinical symptoms cause extreme functional impairment or reach paranoid or delusional levels
Specific Medications
- Benzodiazepines: Alprazolam (Xanax), Clonazepam (Klonopin), Diazepam (Valium), and Lorazepam (Ativan)
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Citalopram (Celexa), Fluoxetine (Prozac), and Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
- Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs): Venlafaxine (Effexor)
- Atypical Agents: Buspirone (Buspar)
- Beta blockers: Atenolol and Propranolol
- Antihistamines: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Other Management
- Interactive therapy is beneficial for Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Anxiety symptoms can be etiologically related to medical conditions
- Other specified anxiety disorder: symptoms characteristic of an anxiety disorder that cause clinically significant distress, but do not meet the full criteria for any anxiety disorder
- Unspecified anxiety disorder: symptoms characteristic of an anxiety disorder, but do not meet the full criteria for any anxiety disorder and insufficient information to make a specific diagnosis
Clinical Features & Diagnostic Characteristics
- Anxiety occurs on a continuum from adaptive responses to maladaptive responses
- Clinical symptoms of anxiety can be classified as physiologic, psychologic, emotional, behavioral, and intellectual or cognitive
- Normal: client experiences periodic warnings of threat
- Euphoria: exaggerated feeling of wellbeing
- Mild anxiety: increased alertness, inability to relax, and feelings of restlessness
- Moderate anxiety: inability to concentrate, only able to concentrate on one specific thing at a time
Common Phobias
- Acrophobia: fear of heights
- Astraphobia: fear of electrical storms
- Claustrophobia: fear of closed spaces
- Glossophobia: fear of public speaking
- Hematophobia: fear of blood
- Hydrophobia: fear of water
- Monophobia: fear of being alone
- Mysophobia: fear of germs or dirt
- Nyctophobia: fear of darkness
- Pyrophobia: fear of fire
- Xenophobia: fear of strangers
- Zoophobia: fear of animals
Clinical Features of Common Anxiety Disorders
Agoraphobia
- Fear of being alone in public places from which escape would be difficult or help would be unavailable
- Affects mostly women and manifests between 18-35 years
- Onset of symptoms may be sudden or gradual
Social Phobia
- Fear of being criticized or evaluated by others
- Begins early, interferes with development, and predisposes to depression and substance abuse
- Examples include fear of public speaking, eating, or drinking in public, using restrooms, or using public transportation
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Unrealistic or excessive anxiety or worry occurring more days than not in a 6-month period
- Concern is about several events such as job or school performance
- The individual is unable to control the worry
- Experienced 3 of the following 6 symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, impaired concentration, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance
Panic Disorder
- Characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks
- Panic attack is an abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that peaks within minutes
- Occurs without warning and for no discernible reason
Medical Management
- Psychotropic drugs are used to treat moderate to severe anxiety
- A multidimensional pharmacologic treatment approach may be necessary when medical or psychiatric disorders exist
- Common drugs used to treat anxiety include benzodiazepines, antidepressants, anxiolytics, beta blockers, and neuroleptics in some cases
Benzodiazepines
- Alprazolam (Xanax): 0.5-8mg
- Clonazepam (Klonopin): 0.5-20mg
- Diazepam (Valium): 2-40mg
- Lorazepam (Ativan): 1.0-10mg
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Citalopram (Celexa): 10-50mg
- Fluoxetine (Prozac): 20-50mg
- Fluvoxamine (Luvox): 50-300mg
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
- Venlafaxine (Effexor): 75-375mg
Atypical Agents
- Buspirone (Buspar): 15-60mg
Beta Blockers
- Atenolol: 50-200mg
- Propranolol: 40-120mg
Antihistamines
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl): 20-300mg
Other Management
- Interactive therapy: beneficial for Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT): used to treat social phobia and panic disorder
- Uses behavioral techniques to desensitize fears or anxiety
- Visual imagery, change of pace or scenery, exercise or massage, systematic desensitization, relaxation exercise, and therapeutic touch can be used
Nursing Management
Assessment
- Identify the client's level of anxiety
- Determine whether a threat of self-harm exists
- Obtain a thorough history (physiologic, emotional, behavioral, cognitive functioning)
- Keep in mind that the chief complaint may not be anxiety
- Use a screening tool or assessment scale (Hamilton anxiety rating scale, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale)
General Appearance
- Client may be in severe distress or immobilized
- Engaged in purposeless, disorganized, or aggressive activity
- Feeling of dread or terror
- Express fear of losing control
- Ask about stressors
- Assess cognitive ability
Mood Affect and Feelings
- Ask client how they are feeling
- Symptoms can include prominent anxiety symptoms or panic attacks
Other Specified Anxiety Disorder
- Applies to presentations in which symptoms characteristic of an anxiety disorder that cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning predominate but do not meet the full criteria for any of the disorders in the anxiety disorders diagnostic class
- Examples: wind attacks (Vietnamese culture), attack of nerves (Latin American culture)
Unspecified Anxiety Disorder
- Applies to presentations in which symptoms characteristic of an anxiety disorder that cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning predominate but do not meet the full criteria for any of the disorders in the anxiety disorders diagnostic class
- Includes presentations in which there is insufficient information to make a more specific diagnosis
Objectives
- Overview of anxiety disorders
- Define anxiety, fear, and anxiety disorders
- Discuss the levels of anxiety
- Discuss the epidemiology of common anxiety disorders
- Discuss the causes of anxiety disorders
- Discuss complications of anxiety disorders
- Outline the classification of anxiety disorders according to the DSM-5 criteria
- Describe clinical symptoms and diagnostic characteristics
- Outline medical and nursing management of persons diagnosed with anxiety disorders
Overview
- Anxiety disorders are the most common of all mental disorders, affecting an estimated 4% of the global population
- In 2019, 301 million people in the world had an anxiety disorder
- Only about 1 in 4 people in need (27.6%) receive any treatment
- Barriers to care include lack of awareness, lack of investment in mental health services, lack of trained healthcare providers, and social stigma
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